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VAP > bone and joints > Flashcards

bone and joints Flashcards

1
Q

synarthroses

A

an immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue

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2
Q

diarthrosis

A

synovial joint, more mobile joint with fluid and cartilage

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3
Q

synotosis

A

Bone, no movement for example mature skull

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4
Q

synchondrosis

A

cartilage, growth plate

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5
Q

symphysis

A

fibrocartilage joining, early pelvic

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6
Q

syndesmosis

A

fibrous joining for example early skull

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7
Q

ginglymus

A

hinge joint, only allow movement in one axis

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8
Q

trochoid

A

pivot joint, only allow movement in one axis

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9
Q

saddle/sellar

A

joint that moves in 2 axes for example Interphalangeal

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10
Q

ellipsoidal

A

moves in two axes

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11
Q

enarthrosis

A

ball and socket joint, can move in three axes

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12
Q

planar

A

sliding joint, only has translational movement not rotation

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13
Q

synovial membrane

A

glistening pink membrane that lines synovial joints

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14
Q

type A synoviocytes

A

phagocytic cells

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15
Q

type B synoviocytes

A

secretory cells

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16
Q

synovial fluid

A

secreted by plasma, made up of plasma, ultra-filtrate and hyaluronate

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17
Q

synovial fluid function

A

lubricant and nutritive

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18
Q

articular cartilage

A

arcade arrangement of collagen -tangential fibres superficially and perpendicular fibres deeper. no blood vessels and nerves fed by diffusion

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19
Q

proteoglycans

A

sugar side chains retain. water and resist compression, squeeze the sides and water seeps into the joint space
GAGs have a negative charge they repel each other and attract water

20
Q

fibrous capsule

A

attaches to the periosteum, continuous with articular cartilage, supports. joints

21
Q

discs

A

fibrocartilage ingrowth from the capsule, completely splits the joint in half eg jaw

22
Q

menisci

A

fibrocartilage ingrowth from the capsule, incomplete doesn’t completely split in half eg stifle

23
Q

labrum

A

fibrocartilaginous extension of joint surface eg in the hip socket

24
Q

fat pads

A

lie between the synovial membrane and capsule

25
Q

bursae

A

small synovial spaces between bones and something else eg tendon

26
Q

osteochondrosis

A

disordered ossification of the endplate

27
Q

osteoblasts

A

uninucleate, long lived cells that synthesise bone

28
Q

osteocytes

A

uninucleate, long lived bone cells that are formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in material it has secreted

29
Q

osteoclasts

A

breaks down bone, myeloid blood cell derived multinucleate cells

30
Q

bone formation/destruction control

A

controlled hormonally by PTH, calcitonin and. vitamin D

31
Q

osteons

A

parallel. cylinders in compact bone which arise form constant remodelling

32
Q

Haversian canal

A

carries vessels and nerves and connects to marrow cavity

33
Q

lacuna

A

contains a resting osteocyte

34
Q

compact long bone structure

A

each osteon is made up of concentric cylinders of matrix interspersed with lacunae
each lacuna contains a resting osteocyte
the lacunae are stellate with canaliculi permitting bone, containing cytoplasmic processes?/

35
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous bone tissue, filled with red marrow.

36
Q

red marrow

A

haemopoietic

37
Q

yellow marrow

A

adipose tissue

38
Q

pneumatised bone

A

contains many hollow cells of air, found in birds

39
Q

periosteum function

A
  1. major role in bone formation
  2. tendons, ligaments and joint capsules attach to it, not directly to bone
  3. carries blood vessels and nerves
  4. major role in bone repair, important post fracture
40
Q

membrane bone

A

cancellous bone and marrow sandwiched between two layers of compact bone and periosteum

41
Q

cartilage

A

firm extracellular chondrin matrix, laid down by chondroblasts

42
Q

hyaline skeletal cartilage

A

simples, may mineralise in old age - upper respiratory tract

43
Q

elastic skeletal cartilage

A

contains elastic fibres too - external ear and upper respiratory tract

44
Q

fibrocartilage skeletal

A

alternating layers of hyaline cartilage and collagen - intervertebral discs, symphysis, discs, menisci etc

45
Q

articular cartilage

A

complex, partly fibrous/partly hyaline

VAP (5 decks)

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