Muscles and Nerves Flashcards
What are some examples of appendicular muscles?
Deltoid and Pectoralis major
What are some examples of axial muscles?
Oblique, Rectus abdominis and Intercostal muscles
What is the upper and more medial bony attachment described as?
Proximal/ superior attachment
Also known as the origin of the muscle
What is the lower and more lateral bony process described as?
Distal/ inferior attachment
Insertion of the muscle
What attaches a muscle to bone?
By a tendon - non-fleshy, fibrous and dense regular connective tissue
How does the tendon not tear easily?
Fibres of the tendon are embedded in the periosteum of the bone
This anchors the muscle and spreads the force of contraction
What is an aponeurosis tendon?
Anterior of the abdominal obliques
Muscle is flat, thin and broad
Which bones are the tendons of biceps brachii attached?
Radius and scapula
Describe agonist and antagonist muscles
Agonist contracts
Antagonist relaxes due to agonist contracting
Describe synergists
Help perform joint movement like an agonist
Stabilise the muscle movement and makes sure range of movement is safe
Assists movement of agonist
Describe fixator/ stabilising muscles
Stabilise joint so can move efficiently without dislocation
Ex. rotator cuff muscles around shoulder joint
Each muscle surrounding shoulder is capable of own individual movement
What are muscles generally compartmentalised into?
1 - intermuscular fascial septa (separate them into compartments)
2 - common nerves
3 - common actions
Where does the brachial plexus originate?
From spinal roots C5-T1
Where does the lumbosacral plexus originate?
From spinal nerve root L1-S4
What direction do rectus abdominis fibres travel?
Vertically
What is the function of an aponeurosis tendon?
Attaches broad/flat muscle to bone and also attaches two broad muscles to each other
Where is the serratus posterior muscle?
2 distinct wing shapes on back of torso
How many number of origins does biceps have?
2 heads - biceps brachii - anterior compartment of the arm
How many number of origins does the triceps have?
3 heads - triceps brachii - posterior compartment of the arm
How many number of origins does the quadriceps have?
4 heads - quadriceps femoris - anterior compartment of the thigh
What shape does the deltoid muscle have?
Triangular