Bone, Cartilage and Joints Flashcards
What is bone comprised of?
Is rigid and comprised of collagen fibres that are impregnated by a crystal-line calcium salt
What are the 2 types of bone?
Compact - cortical bone
Spongy - cancellous bone
What is the cavity in the middle of bone called?
Marrow (medullary) cavity
What are the different types of bone?
Long, short, flat, pneumatic, sesamoid or irregular
What is the function of sesamoid bone?
Protect tendons from excessive wear
Sesamoid bone - patella
What are the different parts of a long bone?
Proximal epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis, distal epiphysis, epiphyseal line, articular cartilage
What is the epiphysis?
Rounded end of the long bone, at its joint with adjacent bones
What is the shaft of the long bone called?
Diaphysis
What is the metaphysis?
Wide portion of the long bone.
The metaphysis develops during childhood period - ossification centres being close to ends of bone
Contains highly metabolic et of tissues, including trabecular bone, blood vessels and marrow adipose tissue
What is the difference between condyle and epicondyle?
Condyle are usually more round shaped, smooth and large, articulates with a bone
Epicondyle is rough and small, provides surface for muscle and ligament attachment
What is the function of a condyle?
Articulates with bone
What us compact bone surrounded by?
Periosteum on outside and inside by an endosteum
What is compact bone composed of?
Haversian system
What osteogenic (bone producing) cells are found in the periosteum?
Osteoblasts
Where in the long bone is the compact bone mainly found?
Diaphysis
Where in the long bone is spongy bone mainly found?
Epiphysis
What type of bone is found in the marrow cavity?
Bone marrow
Which type of growth causes an increase in width?
Appositional growth
What type of growth causes an increase in length?
Interstitial growth
Describe meaning of appositional growth
Means to add new bone tissue from the outside and increases width of existing bone
Describe the meaning of interstitial growth
Growth occurring through cell division in the epiphyseal growth plate
What gives rise to appositional bone growth?
Periosteum
What gives rise to interstitial bon growth?
Epiphyseal plate
What does disappearance in the epiphyseal plate mean?
Completely ossified bone and has reached adult size
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Where is elastic tissue found?
External ear and epiglottis
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Ribs, nose and trachea
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral discs and certain ligaments
What membrane surrounds cartilage?
Perichondrium - dense layer of connective tissue
What is the function of the perichondrium?
Growth and repair of the cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate?
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is found at end of bone in synovial joint?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the difference that allows bone to regenerate quicker than cartilage?
The lack of active blood flow in cartilage
What is a joint defined as?
Connection between 2 bones in the skeletal system
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Where can synovial joints be found?
Hip joint, Knee joint, Elbow…
Where can cartilaginous joint be found?
Epiphyseal plate in long bones and pubic symphysis (connecting hip bones)
Where can the fibrous joint be found?
Periodontal ligament and cranial structures
Which type of joint is most mobile and which is least?
Most -synovial
Least - fibrous
What are 3 structural characteristics of a typical synovial joint?
Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane
Synovial cavity
What type of joint is a symphysis joint?
Secondary cartilaginous joint - limited in movement and does not ossify with age
Where can a symphysis joint be found?
Intervertebral discs
What are the 2 areas on the condyle of the humerus?
Capitellum and the trochlea (more medial)
What are the 2 fossa on the humerus bone?
Radial and coronoid fossa (more medial)
What type of joint is between intervertebral discs and body of vertebrae?
Secondary cartilaginous joints
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle synovial joint
What type of joint is the articular facets to inferior and superior of vertebrae bodies?
Zygapophyseal joint
What type of joint is the costochondral?
Primary cartilaginous joint
What type of joint is the epiphyseal growth plates?
Primary cartilaginous joint
What type of joint is the xiphosternal?
Primary cartilaginous joint
