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Term 1 Anatomy > Bone, Cartilage and Joints > Flashcards

Bone, Cartilage and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is bone comprised of?

A

Is rigid and comprised of collagen fibres that are impregnated by a crystal-line calcium salt

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of bone?

A

Compact - cortical bone
Spongy - cancellous bone

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3
Q

What is the cavity in the middle of bone called?

A

Marrow (medullary) cavity

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4
Q

What are the different types of bone?

A

Long, short, flat, pneumatic, sesamoid or irregular

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5
Q

What is the function of sesamoid bone?

A

Protect tendons from excessive wear
Sesamoid bone - patella

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6
Q

What are the different parts of a long bone?

A

Proximal epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis, distal epiphysis, epiphyseal line, articular cartilage

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7
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

Rounded end of the long bone, at its joint with adjacent bones

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8
Q

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

A

Diaphysis

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9
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

Wide portion of the long bone.
The metaphysis develops during childhood period - ossification centres being close to ends of bone
Contains highly metabolic et of tissues, including trabecular bone, blood vessels and marrow adipose tissue

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10
Q

What is the difference between condyle and epicondyle?

A

Condyle are usually more round shaped, smooth and large, articulates with a bone
Epicondyle is rough and small, provides surface for muscle and ligament attachment

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11
Q

What is the function of a condyle?

A

Articulates with bone

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12
Q

What us compact bone surrounded by?

A

Periosteum on outside and inside by an endosteum

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13
Q

What is compact bone composed of?

A

Haversian system

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14
Q

What osteogenic (bone producing) cells are found in the periosteum?

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

Where in the long bone is the compact bone mainly found?

A

Diaphysis

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16
Q

Where in the long bone is spongy bone mainly found?

A

Epiphysis

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17
Q

What type of bone is found in the marrow cavity?

A

Bone marrow

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18
Q

Which type of growth causes an increase in width?

A

Appositional growth

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19
Q

What type of growth causes an increase in length?

A

Interstitial growth

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20
Q

Describe meaning of appositional growth

A

Means to add new bone tissue from the outside and increases width of existing bone

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21
Q

Describe the meaning of interstitial growth

A

Growth occurring through cell division in the epiphyseal growth plate

22
Q

What gives rise to appositional bone growth?

A

Periosteum

23
Q

What gives rise to interstitial bon growth?

A

Epiphyseal plate

24
Q

What does disappearance in the epiphyseal plate mean?

A

Completely ossified bone and has reached adult size

25
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage

26
Q

Where is elastic tissue found?

A

External ear and epiglottis

27
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Ribs, nose and trachea

28
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs and certain ligaments

29
Q

What membrane surrounds cartilage?

A

Perichondrium - dense layer of connective tissue

30
Q

What is the function of the perichondrium?

A

Growth and repair of the cartilage

31
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate?

A

Hyaline cartilage

32
Q

What type of cartilage is found at end of bone in synovial joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage

33
Q

What is the difference that allows bone to regenerate quicker than cartilage?

A

The lack of active blood flow in cartilage

34
Q

What is a joint defined as?

A

Connection between 2 bones in the skeletal system

35
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

36
Q

Where can synovial joints be found?

A

Hip joint, Knee joint, Elbow…

37
Q

Where can cartilaginous joint be found?

A

Epiphyseal plate in long bones and pubic symphysis (connecting hip bones)

38
Q

Where can the fibrous joint be found?

A

Periodontal ligament and cranial structures

39
Q

Which type of joint is most mobile and which is least?

A

Most -synovial
Least - fibrous

40
Q

What are 3 structural characteristics of a typical synovial joint?

A

Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane
Synovial cavity

41
Q

What type of joint is a symphysis joint?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint - limited in movement and does not ossify with age

42
Q

Where can a symphysis joint be found?

A

Intervertebral discs

43
Q

What are the 2 areas on the condyle of the humerus?

A

Capitellum and the trochlea (more medial)

44
Q

What are the 2 fossa on the humerus bone?

A

Radial and coronoid fossa (more medial)

45
Q

What type of joint is between intervertebral discs and body of vertebrae?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints

46
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle synovial joint

47
Q

What type of joint is the articular facets to inferior and superior of vertebrae bodies?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

48
Q

What type of joint is the costochondral?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

49
Q

What type of joint is the epiphyseal growth plates?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

50
Q

What type of joint is the xiphosternal?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

Term 1 Anatomy (4 decks)

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