Bone, Cartilage and Joints

Question 1

What is bone comprised of?

Answer 1

Is rigid and comprised of collagen fibres that are impregnated by a crystal-line calcium salt

Question 2

What are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 2

Compact - cortical bone
Spongy - cancellous bone

Question 3

What is the cavity in the middle of bone called?

Answer 3

Marrow (medullary) cavity

Question 4

What are the different types of bone?

Answer 4

Long, short, flat, pneumatic, sesamoid or irregular

Question 5

What is the function of sesamoid bone?

Answer 5

Protect tendons from excessive wear
Sesamoid bone - patella

Question 6

What are the different parts of a long bone?

Answer 6

Proximal epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis, distal epiphysis, epiphyseal line, articular cartilage

Question 7

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 7

Rounded end of the long bone, at its joint with adjacent bones

Question 8

What is the shaft of the long bone called?

Answer 8

Diaphysis

Question 9

What is the metaphysis?

Answer 9

Wide portion of the long bone.
The metaphysis develops during childhood period - ossification centres being close to ends of bone
Contains highly metabolic et of tissues, including trabecular bone, blood vessels and marrow adipose tissue

Question 10

What is the difference between condyle and epicondyle?

Answer 10

Condyle are usually more round shaped, smooth and large, articulates with a bone
Epicondyle is rough and small, provides surface for muscle and ligament attachment

Question 11

What is the function of a condyle?

Answer 11

Articulates with bone

Question 12

What us compact bone surrounded by?

Answer 12

Periosteum on outside and inside by an endosteum

Question 13

What is compact bone composed of?

Answer 13

Haversian system

Question 14

What osteogenic (bone producing) cells are found in the periosteum?

Answer 14

Osteoblasts

Question 15

Where in the long bone is the compact bone mainly found?

Answer 15

Diaphysis

Question 16

Where in the long bone is spongy bone mainly found?

Answer 16

Epiphysis

Question 17

What type of bone is found in the marrow cavity?

Answer 17

Bone marrow

Question 18

Which type of growth causes an increase in width?

Answer 18

Appositional growth

Question 19

What type of growth causes an increase in length?

Answer 19

Interstitial growth

Question 20

Describe meaning of appositional growth

Answer 20

Means to add new bone tissue from the outside and increases width of existing bone

Question 21

Describe the meaning of interstitial growth

Answer 21

Growth occurring through cell division in the epiphyseal growth plate

Question 22

What gives rise to appositional bone growth?

Answer 22

Periosteum

Question 23

What gives rise to interstitial bon growth?

Answer 23

Epiphyseal plate

Question 24

What does disappearance in the epiphyseal plate mean?

Answer 24

Completely ossified bone and has reached adult size

Question 25

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 25

Elastic Hyaline Fibrocartilage

Question 26

Where is elastic tissue found?

Answer 26

External ear and epiglottis

Question 27

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 27

Ribs, nose and trachea

Question 28

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 28

Intervertebral discs and certain ligaments

Question 29

What membrane surrounds cartilage?

Answer 29

Perichondrium - dense layer of connective tissue

Question 30

What is the function of the perichondrium?

Answer 30

Growth and repair of the cartilage

Question 31

What type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 31

Hyaline cartilage

Question 32

What type of cartilage is found at end of bone in synovial joint?

Answer 32

Hyaline cartilage

Question 33

What is the difference that allows bone to regenerate quicker than cartilage?

Answer 33

The lack of active blood flow in cartilage

Question 34

What is a joint defined as?

Answer 34

Connection between 2 bones in the skeletal system

Question 35

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 35

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Question 36

Where can synovial joints be found?

Answer 36

Hip joint, Knee joint, Elbow...

Question 37

Where can cartilaginous joint be found?

Answer 37

Epiphyseal plate in long bones and pubic symphysis (connecting hip bones)

Question 38

Where can the fibrous joint be found?

Answer 38

Periodontal ligament and cranial structures

Question 39

Which type of joint is most mobile and which is least?

Answer 39

Most -synovial Least - fibrous

Question 40

What are 3 structural characteristics of a typical synovial joint?

Answer 40

Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Synovial cavity

Question 41

What type of joint is a symphysis joint?

Answer 41

Secondary cartilaginous joint - limited in movement and does not ossify with age

Question 42

Where can a symphysis joint be found?

Answer 42

Intervertebral discs

Question 43

What are the 2 areas on the condyle of the humerus?

Answer 43

Capitellum and the trochlea (more medial)

Question 44

What are the 2 fossa on the humerus bone?

Answer 44

Radial and coronoid fossa (more medial)

Question 45

What type of joint is between intervertebral discs and body of vertebrae?

Answer 45

Secondary cartilaginous joints

Question 46

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 46

Saddle synovial joint

Question 47

What type of joint is the articular facets to inferior and superior of vertebrae bodies?

Answer 47

Zygapophyseal joint

Question 48

What type of joint is the costochondral?

Answer 48

Primary cartilaginous joint

Question 49

What type of joint is the epiphyseal growth plates?

Answer 49

Primary cartilaginous joint

Question 50

What type of joint is the xiphosternal?

Answer 50

Primary cartilaginous joint