MUSCLES AND GLANDS Flashcards
The brain interprets them and the body reacts through the ____ and ____
Muscles
Glands
These are muscles that can be moved at the person’s will
Voluntary muscles
Voluntary muscles sometimes calles
Striped muscles
They are attached to some bone muscles
Skeletal muscles
These are muscles that cannot moved at will
Involuntary muscles
Generally found in the internal organs of the body, that is why they are sometimes called
Visceral muscles
Visceral also known as
Smooth muscles
Muscles found in the heart
Cardiac mascles
Cardiac muscles also called
Heart muscles
4 characteristics of muscles
• contractility
• extensibility
• elasticity
• tonicity
Is the ability of the muscles to be in the condition of healthy tension or partial contraction at rest
Tonicity
Is the power of the muscles to go back to its original size and shape after contracting or stretching
Elasticity
Is the capacity of muscles to be stretched or made longer
Extensibility
Is the characteristics of muscles to change from a long narrow shape while at rest and a shorter and thicker form while in action
Contractility
Function of muscles
• muscles give shape to the body
• muscles secure the internal organs of the body
• muscles are made for motion
• muscles are utilized for locomotion
• muscles are used to produced heat in the body
• muscles likewise aid the body in communicating
Are special secreting organs which pour the secretion either directly into the blood streams or pass it through the ducts or canals
Glands
Glands that have no canals
Ductless gland or endocrine glands
Glands which have canals
Duct glands
This system is composed of series of glands that produce chemical substance called hormones
Endocrine system
Are chemical messengers that bind to receptors in order to send their signals
Hormones
The most influential gland
Pituitary gland
Located at the base of the throat
Thyroid gland
It is a flat like butterfly gland that secretes two known hormones
Thyroxine
Idothyroxine
Is a condition of stunted growth and mental retardation
Cretinism
Characterized by the low basal metabolism
Myxedema
Glands are found behind the thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Controls the balance of different minerals in the blood stream specially calcium
Parathormone
Stiffening of the hand and fingers, muscles cramps and irritability
Tetany
Glands that located in the top of each kidney
Adrenal gland
Adrenal gland is made up of 2 parts
• adrenal cortex
• adrenal medulla
It secretes cortin
Adrenal cortex
Secretes adrenaline hormones which give extra energy needed during emergency
Adrenaline medulla
An internal organ that secrets hormones called insulin and glucagon
Pancreas
Sex glands
Gonads
Male gonad
Testes
Secrete hormone of testes
Testosterone
Female gonads
Ovaries
Ovaries secrete hormone called
Estrogen and progesterone
Responsible for secondary sex characteristic
Estrogen
Stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining
Progesterone
