Lesson 2: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Refers to the quantitative changes, which is physical in height, weight, size and the structures of internal organs and brain
Growth
Points to the qualitative changes that is concerned with progressive means directional forward
Development
The origin of human competence is found in the critical period between?
8 to 18 months
Unfolding or coming out of the individuals inherent traits
Maturation
2 function of maturation
• Phylogenetic Function of Maturation
• Ontogenetic Function of Maturation
Is the function specific to individuals like writing, swimming, driving which are acquired through learning.
Ontogenetic Function of Maturation
Is the function that is common to all individuals like sitting, crawling, walking
Phylogenetic Function of Maturation
2 laws of developmental direction
• Cephalocaudal law
• Proximodistal law
Refers to the development spread outward from the central axis middle of the body to the extremities (arms and legs)
Proximodistal law
Pertains to the development spread out over the body from head to foot
Cephalocaudal law
Is when individuals adapt easily to the demands of their environments which result to easy personal and social adjusment
Equilibrium
Is when the individuals experience difficulties in their adaptation, as a result make poor personal and social adjustment.
Disequilibrium
2 factors of development
• heredity or nature
• environment or nurture
It is the sum total of the forces or experiences that a person attains from conception to old age
Environment or nurture
It is the transmissiom of traits or characteristics from parents or ancestors to offspring
Heredity or nature
Is it the process of escape of one mature ovum from the ovary to the fallopian tube
Ovulation
Female largest cell
Ovum
Fertilized egg cell
Zygote
Smallest cell of the male human body
Sperm
Meeting of the ripe female egg cell
Fertilization
Code of heredity
DNA
Source of nourishment
Placenta
Stage of love when infant finds interest in his body processes
Auto - aerotic
Shortest life span
Infancy
Number of chromosomes that children have
46
Hereditary carrier
Genes
Thin membrane that houses the fetus
Amniotic sac
Age of manhood
Puberty
Ovum splits into two separate fertilized zygotes, usually alike and of the same sex
Identical twins or monozygotic twins
When the ovary either from the right or left expels two ripe ova and these two penetrated and fertilized by two sperms, opposite sex
Fraternal twins or dizygotic twins
This is a normal birth
Natural birth
It is when buttocks come first followed by the legs then head
Breech birth
This happens when during the latter part of pregnancy there seems to be some complication, a slit on the abdominal wall of the mother is made
Caesarean section
The first eliminated waste is called?
Meconium
At this period from 2 weeks of life to 2 years the baby has already attained some amount of independence.
Babyhood
First flow of menstruation for girls
Menarche
First nocturnal emission for boys
Spermache
Teen years from 13 - 19 at this period the individual is now considered young adult and already intergrated into adult society
Adolescene
The individual is considered a responsible person and also the longest stage covering 19 - 40 years
Adulthood
This period starts from 40 - 60 years, it is period of transition from healthy adults to a change of pattern of life.
Middle age
Covers 60 years of age to senescence or end life.
Old age
Terms for a newborn baby
Neonate
The “ I, Me, & Mine “ stage of love
Narcissistic
Stage when the child is no longer a child but not yet an adolescent
Prepubercent
What offsprings is XX chromosomes
Female
What offsprings is XY chromosomes
Male
First flow of mother’s milk
Colostrum
Happens when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touch
Rooting reflex
It occurs when the baby hears loud noises, it throw back its head and extend out its arm and cries
Moro reflex
When the baby’s head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and other arm bends at the elbow. This is called “fencing position.
Tonic reflex
When one strokes the baby’s palm it closes its finger firmly
Grasping reflex
If the soles of the baby’s feet is stroked the big toe extends and the other toes curl.
Babinsky reflex
This happens when the baby is held upright, the feet make walking or dancing movement
Step reflex
At this stage the child has strong attachment to his parent. Since the mother has the most concerned with the child’s necessities and comfort, she become the first object of attachment.
Parental stage
There is no prominent affection during this stage, in fact boys and girls are hostile to each other
Sexual latency stage
During pre-adolescence, boys and girls show affection for their own sex and feel happy when they are with in their own sex
Homosexual stage
It is at this stage when affection for opposite sex develops. Boys and girls show interest in prefer the company of each other
Heterosexual stage
Infancy subdivided into two periods
• Period of partunate
• Period of the neonate
From the cutting and tying of the umbilical cord to the end of second week
Period of the neonate
From 15 to 30 minutes after birth which begin when the fetus has emerged from the mother’s body and last until the umbilical cord is cut and tied
Period of partunate
While in the uterine sac the fetus has a constant temperature of 100 degree F while temperature outside may drop to 70 - 60 degree F.
Temperature change
The moment the umbilical cord is cut the infants must start to breathe by their own
Breathing
While in the mother’s womb the embryo gets nourishment from mother through umbilical cord
Sucking and swallowing
The process of elimination of the embryo was through the umbilical cord
Elimination
Male sex cell
Spermatozoa
