Bio Flashcards

1
Q

Study of physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanism of behavior and experience

A

Biological Psychology

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2
Q

Deals mostly with brain activity

A

Biological Psychology

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3
Q

The problem of how to address the relation between mental phenomena and neural or physical phenomena in general

A

MBP (MIND BRAIN PROBLEM)

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4
Q

Parts of neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Olygodendrocytes
Myelin sheath
Synapse

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5
Q

Smaller than neurons have many functions but do not convey information over great distances

A

Glia

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6
Q

Brain composed of cells called?

A

Neurons and Glia

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7
Q

Convey messages to one another and to muscles and glands

A

Neurons

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8
Q

Generally smaller than neurons have many functions but do not convey information over a great distance

A

Glia

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9
Q

Types of neuroglia in CNS

A

olygodendrocytes
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Microglia

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10
Q

Types of neuroglia in PNS

A

Satellite cells
Schwann cells

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11
Q

The idea that minds are one type of substance and matter is another

A

Dualism

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12
Q

It is the philisophical idea that one thing in existence are part of the same essential oneness or whole

A

Monoism

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13
Q

4 types of biological explanation of behavior

A

Physiological
Ontogenetics
Evolutionary
Functional

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14
Q

Relates a behavior to an activity of the brain and other organs

A

Physiological explanatiom

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15
Q

Describes how the structures or behaviors develop

A

Ontogenetic explanation

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16
Q

Reconstruct the evolutionary history of the structure or behavior

A

Evolutionary explanation

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17
Q

Describe why the structure or behavior evolved as it did

A

Functional explanation

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18
Q

Are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends

A

Dendrites

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19
Q

Contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochodria

20
Q

Thin fiber of constant diameter

21
Q

are covered with an insulating material called a myelin sheath with interruptions known as nodes of Ranvier.

A

Vertebrate Axon

22
Q

do not have myelin sheaths.

A

Invertebrate axon

23
Q

Messages in a neuron develop from disturbances of the resting potential.

A

Resting potential of neuron

24
Q

If charged ions could flow freely across the membrane, the membrane would depolarize, eliminating the negative potential inside. However, the membrane has selective permeability.

A

Forces acting on Sodium and Potassium

Ions

25
It is a protein complex, repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into it.
Sodium-Potassium Pump
26
Message sent by axons
Action potential
27
The chemical events behind the action potential may seem complex
Molecular Basis of the Action Potential
28
the points of contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next
Synapse
29
Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect. He referred to this phenomenon
Temporal Summation
30
The neuron that delivers transmission
Presynaptic/Postsynaptic Neurons
31
Synaptic inputs from separate locations combine their effects on a neuron
Spatial Summation
32
which consists of the axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles
somatic nervous system
33
controls the heart, intestines, and other organs.
 autonomic nervous system
34
In the late 18000s he anatomically demonstrated a narrow gap separating one neuron from another.
Ramon Cajal
35
In 1906 he  1906, physiologically demonstrated that communication between one neuron and the next differ from communication along a single axon.
Charles Scott Sherrington
36
are regarded as the great pioneers of modern neuroscience, and their nearly simultaneous discoveries supported each other:
Caja and Sherrington
37
The circuit from a sensory neuron to muscle response is called
Reflex arc
38
is the brain and the spinal cord.
CNS
39
connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
PNS
40
communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head.
Spinal cord
41
consists of neurons that receive information from and send commands to the heart, intestines, and other organs
Autonomic Nervous system
42
2 types of autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
43
a network of nerves that prepare the organs for a burst of vigorous activity, consists of chains of ganglia just to the left and right of the spinal cord.
Sympathetic Nervous system
44
sometimes called the “rest and digest” system, facilitates vegetative, non-emergency responses.
Parasympathetic nervous system
45
The term para means
beside or related to