Muscles and bones Flashcards
Ligaments
connects bone to bone
Articular cartilage
tissue that covers the joint surface- allows shock
Synovial fluid
reduces friction
Joint capsule
secrets synovial fluid- strengthens the joint
Pivot joint
radius-ulnar joint
Gliding joint
wrist joint- motion in two places
Condyloid joint
wrist joint similar to ball and socket
Circumduction
limb goes in a circular motion e.g bowling
Horizontal flextion/ extension
limb moves forwards/ backwards from the body
Frontal plane of movement
front and back (abduction + adduction)
Sagittal plane of movement
Divides body into left and right (flexion + extension)
Transverse plane of movement
Divides body into upper and lower (horizontal flexion + extension)
Hip flexion
Agonist: Iliopas
Antagonist: Gluteus max
Hip adductor
Agonist: adductor longus
Antagonist: gluteus medius
Hip medial rotation
Agonist: gluteus minimus
Antagonist: gluteus max
Shoulder flexion
Agonist: anterior deltoid
Antagonist: posterior deltoid
Shoulder Horizontal flexion
Agonist: pectoralis major
Antagonist: posterior deltoid
Shoulder adduction
Agonist: latimus doris
Antagonist: middle deltoid
Shoulder medial rotation
Agonist: teres minor
Antagonist: teres major
Example of a joint
knee
Example of a joint type
hinge
Example of a movement
extension
Example of a type of contraction
consentric
Articulating bones
Bones that touch- e.g. scapula and humerus
Slow oxidate muscle fibres
rich in mitochondria and capillaries good for endurance
Fast glycolytic muscle fibres
rich in pc and good for quick bursts of energy
What determines amounts of SO/ FG?
genetics- although FOG can be adopted
How do muscles contract?
being stimulated by an electrical pulse sent by the CNS
Motor neuron
impulse to muscle fibres
action potential conducts it
done in an all or none law
motor unit stimulation
motor impulse in cell body
down axon of motor
neuron by action potential to synaptic left
neurotransmitter conduct impulse over gap
all or none
