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Foot and Ankle > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

briefly describe the position of tibialis anterior

A

anterior compartment of the leg, lateral to the anterior border of the tibia.

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2
Q

give the attachments of tibialis anterior

A

proximal - upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and adjoining part of the interosseous membrane.
distal - tendon attaches to the medial side of the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal; blends with that of peroneus longus

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3
Q

state the action of the tibialis anterior muscle

A

dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

(when working with tibialis posterior) inverts the foot so the sole faces medially

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4
Q

name the nerve supply to tibialis anterior

A

deep peroneal nerve L4 L5

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5
Q

give one functional activity in which the tibialis anterior muscle is working

A

clears the foot from the ground in swing phase of walking. balancing on one foot

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6
Q

briefly decribe the gastrocnemius and its position

A

most superficial muscle of the posterior lower leg. Has a lateral and medial head which blend together to form the shape of the calf and blend to form the Achilles Tendon

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7
Q

give the attachments of gastrocnemius

A

proximal - arises from 2 heads which form the lower bounderies of the popliteal fossa. medial head to the posterior medial condyle of the femur, posterior to the adductor tubercle. lateral head to the lateral posterior surface of the lateral condyle, posterior the epicondyle.
distal - tendocalcaneus (achilies tendon) to the posterior surface of the calcaneus.

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8
Q

name the nerve which supplies gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve S1 S2

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9
Q

state the action of gastrocnemius

A

planterflexor of the ankle, flexor of the knee

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10
Q

give one functional activity in which gastrocnemius is active

A

jumping phase of a jump - planter flexing and pushing off the ground.

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11
Q

give the position of peroneus longus and name the other muscles that share the position.

A

long thin muscle situated in the lateral compatment of the leg, superficial to Peroneus brevis.
Runs behind the lateral malleolus passing deep to the superficial peroneal retinaculum.

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12
Q

state the attachment of peroneus longus

A

proximal - lateral condyle of the tibia and upper 2-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula. lateral side of head of fibula.
distal - plantar and lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

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13
Q

State the action of peroneal longus

A

Eversion of the foot and Plantarflexion of the ankle Supports the lateral longitudinal and transverse arch of the foot

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14
Q

Give the nerve supply of peroneal Longus

A

Superficial peroneal L5 S1

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15
Q

Give a functional activity for peroneal longus

A

standing on one leg, walking on uneven ground

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16
Q

Give the nerve supply of peroneal Brevis

A

Peroneal nerve

L5,S1

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17
Q

state the attachment of peroneus brevis

A

Proximal- Lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula (anterior to Peroneus Longus)

Distal -Styloid process on the lateral side of base of 5th M

18
Q

State the action of peroneal brevis

A

Eversion & plantarflexion of foot

19
Q

State the muscles of the lateral compartment and the nerve innervation

A

PERoneal longus/brevis supplied by the suPERficial peroneal nerve L5, S1

20
Q

state the attachment of soleus

A

Proximal - Soleal line, posterior surface of tibia
Posterior surface of upper ⅓ of fibula, incl. fibula head

Distal - Fuses with tendon of gastrocnemius to form upper part of tendocalcaneus, into middle facet of post. surface of the calcaneus

21
Q

Stare the action of soleus

A

Plantarflexion at ankle

22
Q

State the nerve of soleus

A

Tibial nerve

S1-2

23
Q

State the Attachment of plantaris

A

Proximal - Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur, above lateral head of Gastrocnemius, Adjacent part of popliteal surface of femur

Distal - Medial side of tendocalcaneus, into posterior surface of the calcaneus

24
Q

State the Action of plantaris

A 
Plantarflexion at ankle (weak)
Knee flexion (weak)
25
Q

State the nerve of plantaris

A

Tibial nerve

S1-2

26
Q

State the muscles of superficial posterior compartment, their action and innervation

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
All muscles insert into the calcaneus via the tendocalcaneus.
All muscles plantarflex the foot
All muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve S1-S2

27
Q

State the attachments of the following muscles

popliteus

A

Proximal - Outer surface of lateral femoral condyle, below epicondyle
Distal - Posterior surface of proximal tibia, above soleal line

28
Q 
State the action of the following muscles 
popliteus 
Tibialis posterior 
Flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
A

Popliteus -Unlocks the knee - LR femur on fixed tibia
Knee flexor assister during flexed knee

Tib post - Inversion of foot
Assists plantarflexion of ankle
Assists support of M longitudinal arch

FDL - Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP,PIP and MTP joints
Assists plantarflexion of ankle

FHL - Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP,PIP and MTP joints
Assists plantarflexion of ankle

29
Q 
State the innervation of the following muscles 
popliteus 
Tibialis posterior 
Flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
A

Popliteus - Tibial nerve L5
Tib post - Tibial nerve L4-5
FDL - Tibial nerve L5, S1-S2
FHL - Tibial nerve S1-S2

30
Q

State the attachment of tibialis posterior

A

Proximal -
Medial part-posterior surface of the tibia and interosseous membrane
Lateral part- proximal posterior surface of fibula

Distal - Medial side of navicular tuberosity & plantar surface of medial cuneiform, Slips to plantar surfaces of all tarsal bones except talus

31
Q

State the attachment of flexor digitorum longus (FDL)

A

Proximal - Postero-medial surface of tibia

Distal - 4 tendons to plantar aspect of the bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

32
Q

State the attachment of flexor hallucis longus (FHL)

A

Proximal - Lower ⅔ of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Distal - Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

33
Q

State the muscles of the deep posterior compartment and action and nerve

A

Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

All muscles are supplied by the tibial nerve
All muscles except popliteus assist in
plantarflexion of the ankle

34
Q

State the attachments of extensor digitorum longus (EDL)

A

Proximal - Upper 2/3 anterior surface fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane & Lateral tibial condyle
Distal - Extensor hood (dorsal digital expansion), dorsal aspect of Base of middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5

35
Q

State the attachments of extensor hallucis longus (EHL)

A

Proximal - Middle ½ of anterior surface of fibula, adjacent interosseous membrane

Distal - Dorsal surface, base of distal phalanx of the great toe
May get slips to base of proximal phalanx and 1st MT

36
Q 
State the actions of the following muscles
Tibialis anterior 
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
Peroneus tertius
A

Tib anterior - Dorsiflexion of ankle, Inversion of the foot
EDL - Extension toes 2-5 & Dorsiflexion of foot
EHL - Extension of all joints of great toe, especially MTP 1
Powerful dorsiflexor of ankle
Peroneus tertius - Dorsiflexion of ankle (weak), Eversion of the foot (weak)

37
Q 
State the innervation of the following muscles 
Tibialis anterior 
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
Peroneus tertius
A

Tib anterior - Deep peroneal nerve L4-L5

EDL,EHL, Peroneus tertius - Deep peroneal nerve L5-S1

38
Q

State the muscles of the anterior compartment, and action and nerve innervation

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius

All muscles are supplied by the deep peroneal nerve
All muscles assist in dorsiflexion at the ankle
Anterior tibial artery also located

39
Q

State the intrinsic muscles of the foot and innervation

A

11 muscles
Dorsal aspect - EDB
Plantar aspect - dorsal and plantar interossei, flexor digiti minimi brevis, FHB, FDB, quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius), abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis and lumbricals

Innervation (excluding EDB) - medial and lateral plantar branches of tibial nerve
First two dorsal interossei may partly be innervated from deep peroneal nerve
EDB - deep peroneal nerve L5, S1

40
Q

State the four layers of plantar muscles

A

Layer 1: flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis

Layer 2: lumbricals, Quadratus plantae

Layer 3: Flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis

Layer 4: plantar interossei, dorsal interossei

Foot and Ankle (6 decks)

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