Joints Flashcards
Classify the talocrural joint
Synovial, uniaxial hinge joint capable of one degree of freedom
List the bones of the talocrural joint and give their positions
Distal ends of the tibia, Inner aspect of both Medial malleolus and Lateral malleolus (fibula) proximally and the body of the talus distally.
Give the attachment of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament
Strong triangular ligament
Apex - anterior & posterior borders and apex of medial malleolus
Divided into 2 deep and 2 superficial ligaments
Deeper anterior & posterior tibiotalar ligaments attach to medial border of neck and body of talus; blend with joint capsule
Superficial tibionavicular & tibiocalcaneal ligaments have continuous attachment from navicular tuberosity to sustentaculum tali, including spring ligament
Give the movements of the talocrural joint
Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Describe the Lateral collateral ligaments giving its attachments
3 separate parts.
Anterior and posterior Talofibular, calcaneofibular ligament.
ATFL - Anterior border of lateral malleolus to neck of Talus
PTFL - Malleolar fossa of lateral malloelus to lateral tubercle on posterior Talus.
CFL - cord like ligt from Apex of lateral malleolus to lateral calcaneus, behind peroneal tubercle
All blend to ankle joint capsule
State the muscles responsible for Dorsiflexion at the Talocural joint
Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus Tertius, EDL, EHL
State the muscles responsible for Plantar flexion at the Talocural joint
Gastrocnemiuos, Soleus, Peroneus Longus and Brevis, FHL, FDL, Tibialis Posterior, Plantaris
Classify the metatarsalphalangeal joint
Synovial ellipsoid joint
Name the movements at the MTP joint
Flexion and Extension
Abduction and Adduction - limited
Classify the interphalangeal joints
Synovial hinge joint
What movements occur at the PIP and DIP joints
Flexion and Extension
Classify the subtalar joint
Plane (modified Saddle) synovial joint
What movements occur at the Subtalar joint
Gliding and rotation accessory movements
Inversion/eversion physiological movements of the foot
What is the Subtalar joint articulations
○ the large posterior calcaneal facet on the inferior surface of the talus
○ the corresponding posterior talar facet on the superior surface of the calcaneus
• loose fibrous capsule thickened by talocalcaneal ligts
State the ligaments of the Subtalar joint
• Joint capsule supported by:
• Lateral talocalcaneal ligament
○ lateral Posterior talar tubercle
○ Lateral calcaneus
○ deep and parallel to calcaneofibular lig
• Medial talocalcaneal ligament ○ Medial posterior talar tubercle ○ Sustentaculum talus • Posterior talocalcaneal ligament ○ Lateral posterior talar tubercle ○ postero-medial calcaneus
• interosseous talocalcaneal (tarsal sinus) ligament
○ two thick bands from Floor of sinus tarsi
○anterior band to neck of talus
○ posterior band to lateral talus, anterior to subtalar joint
Describe the position of the Subtalar joint lines
Medial joint line -superior to sustentaculum tali
Lateral joint line - anterior to distal tip of lateral malleolus
Name the intertarsal joints
○ Subtalar ○ Mid (transverse) tarsal § Talocalcaneonavicular § Calcaneocuboid ○ Cuneonavicular - limited movement ○ Intercuneiform - limited movement ○ Cubonavicular - fibrous ○ Cuneocuboid ○ Tarsometatarsal
Classify the talocalcaneonavicular joint
Synovial ball and socket joint
Describe talocalcaneonavicular joint articulations
○ Ball – head of talus
○ Socket – part bone, part ligament
• Part between talus and calcaneus are:
○ Anterior and middle calcaneal facets on the inferior surface of the talar head
○ Corresponding anterior and middle talar facets on the superior surface and sustentaculum tali, respectively, of the calcaneus
• Part between talus and plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament):
○ between the spring ligament and the medial facet on the inferior surface of the talar head
• Largest part of joint is between the navicular and talus:
○ Convex anterior end of the talar head
○ Corresponding concave posterior surface of the navicular
Name the ligaments of the talocalcaneonavicular joint
• Joint capsule supported:
○ Posteriorly by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (sinus tarsi)
○ Superiorly by the talonavicular ligament, which passes between the neck of the talus and adjacent regions of the navicular
○ Inferiorly and medially by the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
• Laterally by part of the bifurcate ligament (calcaneonavicular lig)
Classify the calcanealcuboid joint
Synovial saddle joint
Describe the calcanealcuboid joint articulations
○ Facet on the anterior surface of the calcaneus
○ Corresponding facet on the posterior surface of the cuboid
○ facets have reciprocally concavoconvex shapes
• Simple capsule lined with synovial membrane, thickened by dorsal and plantar calcaneocuboid ligts
Name the Ligaments of calcanealcuboid joint
- Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament
- Long plantar ligament
- part of the Bifurcate ligament (calcaneocuboid lig)
Describe the Movement of midtarsal joint
○ Pronation (soles faces laterally) - combination of
○ Abduction of forefoot
○ Eversion
○ dorsiflexion of ankle
○ Supination (soles face medially) - combination of
○ Adduction of forefoot
○ Inversion
○ Plantarflexion of ankle
Classify the tarsometatarsal joints
Synovial plane joints
Describe the tarsometatarsal joints articulations
○ Metatarsals 1-3 and med-lat cuneiforms, respectively
○ Metatarsals 4-5 and cuboid bone
Name the ligaments of the tarsometatarsal joints
Joint capsule = thickening of these ligts
○ Plantar and dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments - weak short slips between adjacent plantar/dorsal surfaces of tarsal and metatarsal bones
3 Interosseus tarsometatarsal ligaments
○ Lisfranc’s ligt - strongest
§ Runs from base of second metatarsal to the anterolateral aspect of the medial cuneiform
○ Other two ligaments connect the lateral cuneiform with the second metatarsal and the lateral cuneiform with the base of the fourth metatarsal
Describe the movements at the tarsometatarsal joints
- TMT Joint between MT 1 and medial cuneiform - flexion, extension, rotation
- TMT joints with the transverse/midtarsal joint -pronation and supination of the foot
Describe the MTP joint articulations
○ Head of metatarsals
○ Corresponding bases of proximal phalanges of the digits
• Also Plantar surface of 1st MT head
○ Crista - two longitudinal grooves separated by a ridge. These two grooves articulate with the two sesamoid bones within the joint capsule
Name the ligaments of the MTP joints
• Joint capsules are reinforced by
○ Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
○ Plantar ligaments
Four deep transverse metatarsal ligaments - link the heads of the metatarsals together
○ MT 1 is oriented in the same plane as the metatarsals of the other toes and is linked to the MT 2 by a deep transverse metatarsal ligament
• Sesamoid bones connected by intersesamoid ligt
Describe the articulations surface of PIP, DIP joints
Trochlear (convex) surface of the phalangeal heads articulates with the curved (concave) surface of the bases of the corresponding phalanges
Name ligaments of PIP, DIP joints
• Reinforced by medial and lateral collateral ligaments and by plantar ligaments
Describe the talonavicular ligament giving its attachments
passes between the neck of the talus and adjacent regions of the navicular
Describe the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament giving its attachments
○ Broad thick, strong, fibroelastic ligament that spans the space between the sustentaculum tali behind and the navicular bone in front
○blends with and supported by deltoid ligt
○upper surface is fibrocartilginous for articulation with medial facet on inferior surface of talar head
Describe the bifurcate ligament giving its attachments
Base - anterior aspect of the superior surface of the calcaneus
Arms:
§ Dorsomedial surface of the cuboid ( calcaneocuboid ligament )
§ Dorsolateral part of the navicular ( calcaneonavicular ligament )
Provides strong connection between proximal and distal tarsal rows
Describe the plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament giving its attachments
○ Short, wide, and very strong
○ Connects the calcaneal tubercle to the plantar surface of the cuboid proximal to peroneal longus groove
○ Supports the calcaneocuboid joint, assists the long plantar ligament in resisting depression of the lateral arch of the foot
Describe the long plantar ligament giving its attachments
○ Longest ligament in the sole of the foot and lies superficial to the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
§ Posteriorly - plantar surface of the calcaneus between the tuberosity and the calcaneal tubercle.
§ Anteriorly - broad ridge and a tubercle on the plantar surface of the cuboid bone behind the groove for the fibularis longus tendon
○ Superficial fibers - extend to the bases of MT 2-5
