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Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma

A

O: mandible
I: connective tissue of upper neck and shoulder
A: tense skin of the neck
N: facial nerve (CV VII)

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: manubrium of sternum, medial clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone
A: bilaterally - flexes head/neck, unilaterally - ipsilateral side bending of neck, contralateral rotation of head
N: accessory nerve (CN XI)

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3
Q

Trapezius

A

O: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes-T12
I: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
A: upper - elevates and superiorly rotates scapula, ipsilateral neck sidebending, contralateral head rotation
N: accessory nerve (CN XI)

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4
Q

Torticollis

A

Shortening/spasm/fibrosis of SCM on one side
Congenital or acquired
Usually positions head and neck in ipsilateral sidebending and contralateral rotation

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5
Q

What borders the anterior triangle?

A

SCM, mandible, midline of neck

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6
Q

What borders the posterior triangle?

A

SCM, clavicle, upper trapezius

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7
Q

Which vein runs obliquely across SCM

A

External jugular vein

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8
Q

Which are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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9
Q

Sternohyoid

A

O: manubrium of the sternum
I: hyoid bone
A: pull hyoid down after being elevated, stabilize hyoid to prevent elevation
N: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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10
Q

Omohyoid

A

Superior/inferior belly connected by intermediate tendon
O: Inferior attached to scapula
I: superior attached to hyoid
Intermediate tendon attached to clavicle by fascial sling
A: depress/stabilize hyoid
N: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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11
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O: manubrium of sternum
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
A: depress hyoid and larynx
N: ansa cervicalis (C2-C3)

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12
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid
A: depress hyoid, elevate larynx
N: C1 nerve branch

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13
Q

Where does the thyroid gland sit

A

Deep to sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

At level of C5-T1

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14
Q

Which are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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15
Q

Digastric

A

Anterior/posterior belly connected with intermediate tendon
Anterior - digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior - mastoid notch of temporal bone
Intermediate tendon attached to hyoid bone with a fascial sling
A: depress mandible (hyoid stable), elevate hyoid (mandible stable)
N: anterior - mandibular division of trigeminal (V3), posterior - facial (CN VII)

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16
Q

Stylohyoid

A

O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid
Runs with posterior belly of digastric and splits around intermediate tendon to insert on hyoid
A: elevate/retract hyoid during swallowing
N: facial (CN VII)

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17
Q

Mylohoid

A

Sling like muscle along floor of oral cavity
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe, hyoid
A: elevate hyoid, depress mandible, elevates floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking
N: mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

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18
Q

Geniohyoid

A

O: inferior mental spine of mandible
I: hyoid
A: pull hyoid anteriorly/superiorly, shorten floor of oral cavity, widen pharynx during swallowing

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19
Q

What borders the muscular triangle? What is located there?

A

Superior belly of omohyoid, SCM, midline of neck

Infrahyoid muscles and thyroid gland here

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20
Q

What borders the carotid triangle? What is located here?

A

Superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, SCM
Carotid artery, internal jugular vein, ansa cervicalis, cervical sympathetic trunk, and vagus nerve (CN X) here

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21
Q

What borders the submandibular triangle? What is located here?

A

Mandible and digastric muscle (posterior and anterior belly)
Aka digastric triangle
Mylohyoid makes up the floor
Lymph nodes and submandibular gland here

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22
Q

What borders the submental triangle? What structures are here?

A

Right and left anterior belly of digastric, hyoid
Mylohyoid makes up floor
Lymph nodes here

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23
Q

How to test strength of trapezius

A

Shrug shoulders against resistance

If there is weakness on one side - check SCM to see if it’s a neural problem

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24
Q

Splenius capitis

A

O: spinous processes C4-T6 (muscle splits)
I: posterior aspect of mastoid process
A: unilaterally - rotates head and neck ipsilaterally, bilaterally - cervical extension
N: dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

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25
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

O: spinous processes C4-T6 (muscle splits)
I: transverse processes C1-C4
A: unilaterally - rotates head and neck ipsilaterally, bilaterally - cervical extension
N: dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

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26
Q

Levator scapulae

A

O: transverse processes C1-C4
I: superior angle of scapula
A: elevate scapula, sidebend neck ipsilaterally
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (brachial plexus)

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27
Q

What can be seen when trapezius is reflected laterally?

A

Accessory nerve (XI) and transverse cervical artery leaving posterior triangle of the neck and running lateral to to levator scapulae

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28
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

O: transverse processes of thoracic vertebra (muscle splits)
I: posterior skull
A: unilaterally - Rotate head/neck contralaterally, bilaterally - cervical extension
N: posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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29
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

O: transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
I: spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
A: unilaterally - rotate head/neck contralaterally, bilaterally - cervical extension
N: posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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30
Q

What makes up the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior

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31
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

O: inferior nuchal line of skull
I: spinous process C2
A: proprioception
N: suboccipital nerve (branch of dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve)

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32
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

O: inferior nuchal line of skull
I: posterior tubercle C1
A: proprioception
N: suboccipital nerve (branch of dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve)

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33
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A

O: inferior nuchal line of skull
I: transverse process of C1
A: proprioception
N: suboccipital nerve (branch of dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve)

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34
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

A

O: spinous process of C2
I: transverse process of C1
A: proprioception
N: suboccipital nerve (branch of dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve)

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35
Q

What is inside the carotid sheath?

A

Poorly organized -
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

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36
Q

What fascia contribute to the carotid sheath?

A

Investing
Pretracheal
Prevertebral

37
Q

What are the borders of the supraclavicular triangle?

A

Clavicle, posterior SCM, inferior belly of omohyoid

Division of posterior triangle

38
Q

What are the borders of the occipital triangle?

A

Division of the posterior triangle

Posterior SCM, superior trapezius, inferior belly of omohyoid

39
Q

Anterior scalene

A

O: transverse processes C3-C6
I: 1st rib
A: forced inhalation (vertebra stable), sidebending of neck (ribs stable)

40
Q

Middle scalene

A

O: transverse processes C2-C7
I: first rib
A: forced inhalation (vertebra stable), sidebending of neck (ribs stable)

41
Q

Posterior scalene

A

O: transverse processes C5-C7
I: 2nd rib
A: forced inhalation (vertebra stable), sidebending of neck (ribs stable)

42
Q

Scalene interval/triangle

A

Space between anterior and middle scalene

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery course through this space

43
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Caused by compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery (scalene interval/triangle)
Compression of brachial plexus causes paresthesia (tingling)

44
Q

Superior rectus (eye)

A

A: adduction, elevation of eye
N: Oculomotor (III)

45
Q

Medial rectus (eye)

A

A: adduction
N: Oculomotor (III)

46
Q

Inferior rectus (eye)

A

A: depression, adduction
N: Oculomotor (III)

47
Q

Superior oblique (eye)

A

A: depression, abduction
N: Trochlear (IV)

48
Q

Lateral rectus (eye)

A

A: abduction
N: Abducens (VI)

49
Q

Inferior oblique (eye)

A

A: elevation, abduction
N: Oculomotor (III)

50
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

A: raises upper eyelid
N: Oculomotor (III)

51
Q

All the muscles of facial expression develop from _____

A

Mesoderm in the second pharyngeal arches

Also platysma - interconnected with intermingling fibers

52
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Sphincter-like muscle around eye
Palpebral part: eyelids - closing eye
Orbital part: margins attached to bone - closing eye tightly
N: Facial (VII)

53
Q

Frontalis

A

Anterior belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle
A: raising eyebrows
N: Facial (VII)

54
Q

Epicranial aponeurosis

A

Intermediate tendon of occipitofrontalis muscle

55
Q

Corrugator supercili

A

Deep to frontalis - medial margin of supraorbital ridge
A: draws eyebrows together
N: Facial (VII)

56
Q

Procerus

A

Bridge of nose - interdigitates with frontalis
A: wrinkles skin on bridge of nose
N: Facial (VII)

57
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Sphincter-like muscle around lips
A: closes lips tightly, pucker
N: Facial (VII)

58
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

Zygomatic bone - commissure of mouth
A: elevate corner of mouth - smiling
N: Facial (VII)

59
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

Zygomatic bone - levator labii superioris
A: elevate upper lip, show upper teeth
N: Facial (VII)

60
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

Infraorbital margin of mx bone - upper lip
A: raising upper lip, showing upper teeth
N: Facial (VII)

61
Q

Levator labii superioris alaque nasi

A

Part of levator labii superioris
Runs along side of nose
A: elevation upper lip, showing upper teeth
N: Facial (VII)

62
Q

Nasalis (transverse part)

A

Runs transversely over dorsum of nose
A: compress nose
N: Facial (VII)

63
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Deep to other muscles of facial expression
Infraorbital part of mx bone - commissure of mouth
A: raise corner of mouth, smiling
N: Facial (VII)

64
Q

Risorius

A

Connective tissue of cheek - commissure of mouth
Superior to buccinator and buccal fat pad
A: white people smile
N: Facial (VII)

65
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Mandible - commissure of mouth
A: depress corner of mouth, frown
N: Facial (VII)

66
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Meidal and partially deep to depressor anguli oris
Mandible - lower lip
A: pull down lower lip, show lower teeth
N: Facial (VII)

67
Q

Mentalis

A

Angle of mandible (chin) - skin of chin - lower lip
A: tense skin of skin, curl lower lip, pouting
N: Facial (VII)

68
Q

Buccinator

A

Deep to buccal fat pad
A: tenses cheek
N: Facial (VII)

69
Q

Auricularis muscles

A

A: connect ear to side of head, wiggle ears
N: Facial (VII)

70
Q

Nasalis (alar part)

A

A: flares nostrils
N: Facial (VII)

71
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

A 
Posterior - Temporal lines
Anterior - Frontal/zygomatic bones
Laterally - Zygomatic arch
Inferiorly - Infratemporal crest
Floor - lateral skull
Roof - temporal fascia
72
Q

Temporal fascia

A

Covers temporalis
Attaches to superior temporal line - zygomatic arch
Tenses when chewing to pull up on zygomatic arch to counteract pulling down of masseter

73
Q

Borders of infratemporal fossa

A

Laterally - ramus of mandible
Medially - lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Anteriorly - posterior maxilla
Posteriorly - mastoid and styloid processes of temporal bone

Communicates with temporal fossa under zygomatic arch
Opens to pterygomaxillary fissure

74
Q

Pterygomaxillary fissure

A

Infratemporal fossa opens to it

Leads to pterygopalatine fossa

75
Q

Sphenopalatine foramen

A

Opening in medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa

Leads to nasal cavity

76
Q

Superficial layer of temporalis fascia

A

Attaches to superior edge of zygomatic arch

Counteract action of masseter

77
Q

Deep layer of temporalis fascia

A

Travels with full length of temporalis

78
Q

Temporalis

A

O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible
A: elevate, retract mandible
N: mandibular division of trigeminal (V3) via deep temporal nerves

79
Q

Masseter

A

O: superficial head - zygomatic bone and anterior aspect of zygomatic arch, deep head - posterior portion of zygomatic arch
I: angle and lateral aspect of mandible
A: elevate, protrude mandible
N: mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

80
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

O:
- Superior head: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone
- Inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: neck of mandible, articular disc and capsule of TMJ
A: bilaterally - protraction and depression of mandible, unilaterally - lateral movement to contralateral side
N: lateral pterygoid branches of mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

81
Q

Superficial head of Medial pterygoid

A

O: Mx tuberosity
I: medial aspect of the angle of mandible
A: bilaterally - elevates and protrudes mandible, unilaterally - excursion = contralateral movement (grinding)
N: medial pterygoid branches of mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

82
Q

Deep head of medial pterygoid

A

O: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
I: medial aspect of the angle of the mandible
A: bilaterally - elevates and protrudes mandible, unilaterally - excursion = contralateral movement (grinding)
N: medial pterygoid branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

83
Q

What happens if there is damage to the lateral pterygoid muscle on one side?

A

Mandible will be deviated to the damaged side

84
Q

Symptoms of subcondylar fracture on one side?

A

Only the lateral pterygoid on the opposite side is functional - mandible swings towards side of fracture

85
Q

List muscles involved in opening of mouth

A

Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid - stabilize hyoid while suprahyoids depress mandible
Lateral pterygoids

86
Q

List muscles involved in closing the mouth

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoids

87
Q

List muscles that protrude the mandible

A

Masseter

Medial and lateral pterygoids

88
Q

List muscles that retract the mandible

A

Temporalis

89
Q

List the muscles that cause excursion of the mandible

A

Medial and lateral pterygoids

Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (9 decks)

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