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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

O: Lower ligamentum nuchae
T1-T3 SP
I: Mastoid Process and Adjacent Occiptal Bone
A: Alone - laterally bend and rotate neck same side
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves

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2
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

O: T3-T6 SP
I: C1-3 TP
A: Alone - laterally bend and rotate neck same side
Together with Splenius Capitis - draws head back
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves

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3
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum

A

O: Iliac Crest, Sacrum, Thoracolumbar Fascia
I: Angles of lower ribs
A: Extend Column
One side - bend column laterally
N: Posterior Primary divisions of spinal nerves

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4
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis

A 
O: Lower ribs
I: Angles of upper ribs
C7 TP
A: Extend column
One side - Bend column laterally
N: Posterior Primary divisions of spinal nerves
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5
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis

A 
O: Upper ribs
I: C4-C6 TP
A: Extend Column
One side - bend column laterally 
N: Posterior primary division of spinal nerves
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6
Q

Longissimus Thoracis

A

O: Sacrum/Iliac Crest/ Thoracolumbar fascia
I: Ribs 3–12/TP of L/T
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extend column
One side: bend column laterally

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7
Q

Longissimus Cervicis

A

O: TP upper thoracic v
I: TP of cervical v excluding atlas
N: Primary posterior divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extend column
One side - bend column laterally to same side

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8
Q

Longissimus Capitis

A

O: TP upper thoracic/Articular process of lower cervical
I: Mastoid process
N: Posterior primary division of spinal nerves
A: Extends head - turns head to same side

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9
Q

Spinalis Thoracis

A

O: SP lower thoracic
I: SP upper thoracic
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extend column
One side - bend column laterally same side

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10
Q

Spinalis Cervicis

A

Scant fibers

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11
Q

Spinalis Capitis

A

Considered part of semi spinalis capitis

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12
Q

Short Rotator

A 
O: TP 
I: SP of v one segment above origin
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: extend column
Rotate to opposite side
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13
Q

Long Rotator

A 
O: TP 
I: SP of v two segments above origin
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extend column
Rotate column to opposite side
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14
Q

Multifidus

A

O: TP
I: SP of v two to five segments above origin
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extends column
Rotates column to the opposite side

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15
Q

Semispinalis (group)

A

General origin: TP
General Insertion: SP of v six or more segments above origin
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extends column
Rotate column to opposite side

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16
Q

Semispinalis Thoracis

A 
O: TP
I: T1-T4 SP
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extends column
Rotate column to opposite side
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17
Q

Semispinalis Cervicis

A 
O: TP
I: C2-C7 SP
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extends column
Rotates column to opposite side
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18
Q

Semispinalis Capitis

A 
O: TP
I: Occipital bone
N: Posterior primary divisions of spinal nerves
A: Extends column
Rotates column to opposite side
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19
Q

Interspinalis

A

Btwn SP of adj vert
Best developed in C spine
Absent in T spine
Extends column

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20
Q

Intertransversarii

A 
Btwn TP of adj v
Best developed in C Spine
Absent in most T spine
Extend column
Bend toward same side
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21
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

O: SP of C2
I: Occiptal bone, inferior to inferior nuchal line
N: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary division of C1)
A: Extend head/rotate head to same side

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22
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

O: Posterior Tubercle of C1
I: Occipital bone, immediately medial to RCPM
N: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary division of C1
A: Extend head
Rotate head to same side

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23
Q

Obliques Capitis Inferior

A 
O: SP C2
I: TP C1
N: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary division of C1)
A: Extend head
Rotate head to one side
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24
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior

A

O: TP C1
I: Occiptal bone, near inferior nuchal line
N: Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary division of C1)

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25
Q

What are the borders of the Suboccipital triangle?

A

OCS
OCI
RCPM

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26
Q

What structures are within the Suboccipital triangle?

A

Suboccipital Nerve

Vertebral Artery

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27
Q

Longus Colli

A

O? Extends from anterior tubercle of atlas to the body of T3
I? Attaches to VB and TP of C3-6
N: Ventral primary rami of cervical nerves
A: Flex neck and head

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28
Q

Longus Capitis

A

O: TP C3-6
I: Occipital Bone
N: Ventral primary rami of cervical nerves
A: Flex head and neck

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29
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior

A

O: Lateral mass of atlas
I: Occipital bone, anterior to occipital condyle
N: Ventral primary rami of cervical nerves
A: Flex head and neck

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30
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

A

O: TP of atlas
I: Occipital bone
N: Ventral primary rami of cervical nerves

31
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the back?

A

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis

32
Q

What direction are the fibers of the superficial layer of the back?

A

Superior and lateral

33
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the back?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

34
Q

What direction are the fibers of the intermediate layer of muscles of the back?

A

Vertical

35
Q

Which muscle of the intermediate layer of back muscles is most lateral?

A

Iliocostalis

36
Q

Which muscle is the intermediate column of the intermediate layer of the back?

A

Longissimus

37
Q

Which muscle is the most medial of the intermediate layer of the back?

A

Spinalis

38
Q

What are the muscles of the deep layer of the back?

A 
Transversospinal muscles
- Rotators (short and long)
- Multifidi
- Semispinalis 
Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
39
Q

What are the muscles of the suboccipitals?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior

40
Q

What are the muscles forming the subocciptal triangle?

A

Obliquus Capitis Major
Obliquus Capitis Minor
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

41
Q

What structures pass through the suboccipital triangle?

A

Subocciptal Nerve

Vertebral Artery

42
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior neck?

A 
Digastric (anterior/posterior bellies)
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid (superior/inferior bellies)
43
Q

What are the lateral muscles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Anterior Scalene
Middle Scalene
Posterior Scalene

44
Q

What are the muscles of the scalp?

A 
Occiopitofrontalis
Muscle Epicranius (occipitofrontalis/temporoparietalis)
45
Q

What are the muscles of the ear?

A

Anterior Auricular
Posterior Auricular
Superior Auricular

46
Q

What are the muscles of the eye?

A 
Orbicularis Oculi
- pars orbitalis
- pars palpebralis
- pars lacrimalis
Corrugated Supercilli
47
Q

What are the muscles of the nose?

A 
Procerus
Nasalis 
- pars alaris 
- pars transversa 
Depressor Septi Nasi (controversial action)
48
Q

What are the muscles of the mouth?

A 
Levator Labii Superioris
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Zygomaticus Minor
Zygomaticus Major
Levator Anguli Oris
Risorius
Depressor Anguli Oris
Buccinator
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Mentalis 
Orbicularis Oris
- pars marginalis
- pars labialis
Platysma
49
Q

Into what groups are the muscles of facial expression divided?

A 
Scalp
Ear
Eye 
Nose
Mouth
50
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the muscles of facial expression?

A

O: fascia or bone
I: skin

51
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII - Facial Nerve

52
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: Sternal head: manubrium
Clavicular head: Medial clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone
N: Accessory Nerve (CN XI) C2-3 spinal nerves (pain and proprioception)
A: Extension of head
Flexion of neck
Unilateral:
Lateral flexion to same side - head and neck
Rotation to opposite side - head and neck

53
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

O: TP C3-6
I: First rib
N: C3-8 spinal nerves
A: Flexion of head

54
Q

Middle Scalene

A 
O: TP C2-7
I: First Rib
N: C3-8 Spinal nerves
A: Lateral flexion of neck
Elevation of 1st rib in forced inspiration
55
Q

Posterior Scalene

A 
O: TP C4-6
I: Ribs 1 and 2
N: C3-8 spinal nerves
A: Lateral Flexion of neck
Elevation of 2nd rib in forced inspiration
56
Q

Flexors of the head and neck

A 
Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Anterior scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid
57
Q

Extensor of the head and neck

A 
Erector Spinae
Obliquus capitis superior
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Splenius Capitis/Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversospinalis
Semispinalis
58
Q

Lateral Flexors of the head and neck

A 
Erector Spinae 
Longus colli 
Obliquus Capitis Superior 
Middle Scalenes
Posterior Scalenes
Splenius Capitis/Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoid 
Transversospinalis
59
Q

Rotators of the Head and Neck

A 
Longus Colli
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus capitis inferior 
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Splenius Capitis/Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversospinalis
Semispinalis
60
Q

Flexors of the Trunk

A

External obliques
Internal obliques
Psoas major
Rectus Abdominis

61
Q

Extensors of the Trunk

A 
Erector Spinae
Transversospinalis
Semispinalis
Rotators
Interspinales
62
Q

Lateral Flexors of the Trunk

A 
Erector Spinae
External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transversospinalis
Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum
63
Q

Rotators of the Trunk

A 
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversospinalis
Semispinalis 
Rotators
64
Q

Thyrohyoid

A 
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1-3 Spinal Nerves
A: Stabilize hyoid
Depression of mandible
65
Q

Sternothyroid

A 
O: Manubrium of Sternum
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1-3 Spinal nerves
A: Stabilize hyoid 
Depression of mandible
66
Q

Sternohyoid

A 
O: Manubrium of sternum
Medial Clavicle
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1-3 Spinal Nerves
A: Stabilize the hyoid
Depression of mandible
67
Q

Omohyoid

A 
O: Superior border of scapula
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1-3 Spinal nerves
A: Stabilize the hyoid
Depression of mandible
68
Q

Which muscles are the infrahyoids?

A

Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid

69
Q

What muscles are the suprahyoids?

A

Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

70
Q

Mylohyoid

A 
O: Mandible
I: Hyoid
N: Trigeminal (CN V)
A: Elevation of hyoid bone while swallowing
Depression of mandible
71
Q

Digastric

A

O: Anterior belly: Mandible
Posterior belly: Mastoid process of temporal bone
I: Hyoid bone
N: Anterior belly: Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Posterior belly: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
A: Elevation of hyoid bone while swallowing
Depression of mandible

72
Q

Geniohyoid

A 
O: Mandible
I: Hyoid bone
N: C1 via hypoglossal (CN XII)
A: Elevation of hyoid bone while swallowing
Depression of mandible
73
Q

Stylohyoid

A 
O: Mandible?
I: Hyoid
N: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
A: Elevation of hyoid while swallowing
Depression of mandible

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (7 decks)

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