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A&P I > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Actions

A

Are movement resulting from the contraction of a muscle or group of muscles

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2
Q

Prime movers

A

Are the most efficient muscles for a particular action

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3
Q

Agonist

A

Contracts to cause an action

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes or counters the agonist

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5
Q

Synergist

A

Aid in agonist

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6
Q

Fixators

A

Stabilize the origin of an agonist

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7
Q

(Facial expression)

Frontalis

A

Anterior part of epicarnius, & serves to elevate the eyebrows

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8
Q

(Facial expression)

Occipitalis

A

Posterior part of epicranius, it dread scalp posteriorly

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9
Q

(Facial expressions)

Orbicularis oculi

A

Closes eye, squinting

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10
Q

(Facial expressions)

Orbicularis Oris

A

Closes mouth, purses lips

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11
Q

(Facial expressions)

Zygomaticus

A

Elevates corner of mouth

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12
Q

(Facial expressions)

Risorius

A

Draws corner of mouth laterally

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13
Q

(Muscles of mastication)

Buccinator

A

Compressed cheek, holds food b/t teeth

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14
Q

(Muscles of mastication)

Medial/lateral pterygoids

A

Grinding of teeth; medial pterygoid elevates mandible while lateral pterygoid protracts jaw

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15
Q

(Muscles of mastication)

Temporalis

A

Elevates jaw

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16
Q

(Muscles of mastication)

Masseter
O & I

A

Elevates jaw

Origin: zygomatic arch; maxilla
Insert: angle, ramus of mandible

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17
Q

(Muscles of the neck)

Sternocleidomastoid
O & I️

A

Bilaterally: cervical flexion; unilaterally: cervical rotation to opposite side

O: manubrium, medial clavicle
I: mastoid process (part of temporal bone)

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18
Q

(Muscles of the neck)

Platysma

A

Depresses mandible

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19
Q

(Muscles of the neck)

Scalenes

A

Flex & slightly rotates the neck

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20
Q

(Muscles of thorax acting on the scapula)

Trapezius

A

Upper portion: elevates scapula; middle portion: adducts scapula
Lower portion: depresses scapula

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21
Q

(Muscles of thorax acting on the scapula)

Pectoralis minor
O & I️

A

Abducts scapula

O: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6
I️: intertubercular sulcus Of humerus

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22
Q

(Muscles of thorax acting on the scapula)

Serratus anterior

A

Abducts scapula

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23
Q

(Muscles of thorax acting on the scapula)

Rhomboids

A

Adduct scapula

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24
Q

(Muscles of thorax participating in respiration)

Intercostals

A

Respiration
(externals: inspiration contracts)
(Internals: expiration relaxes)

25
Q

(Muscles of thorax participating in respiration)

Diaphragm

A

Inspiration

26
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Rotator Cuff

A 
SITS:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Teres
Subscapularis

Arise from scapula

27
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Supraspinatus

A

Abducts humerus

28
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates humerus

29
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Teres Minor

A

Laterally rotates humerus; rotator cuff

30
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Teres Major

A

Adducts, extends, medially rotates humerus

31
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Subscapularis

A

Medially rotates humerus

32
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Pectoralis major

A

Adducts, medially rotates humerus

33
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Deltoid

A

Abducts humerus

34
Q

(Muscles of the shoulder)

Latissimus dorsi

A

Adducts, extends, medially rotates humerus

35
Q

(Muscles of the upper extremity (arm & forearm))

Triceps brachii

A

Elbow extension

36
Q

(Muscles of the upper extremity (arm & forearm))

Biceps brachii
O & I

A

Elbow flexion, supinates forearm

O: caracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I: radial tuberosity

37
Q

(Muscles of the upper extremity (arm & forearm))

Pronator teres

A

Pronates forearm

38
Q

(Muscles of the upper extremity (arm & forearm))

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Wrist flexion

39
Q

(Muscles of the upper extremity (arm & forearm))

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Wrist extension

40
Q

(Muscles of the upper extremity (arm & forearm))

Supinator

A

Supinates forearm

41
Q

(Muscles of the back)

Erector spinae

A

Extends vertebral column

42
Q

(Muscles of the abdomen)

Rectus abdominus

A

Trunk flexion

43
Q

(Muscles of the abdomen)

Internal/External obliques

A

Trunk rotation & lateral flexion; bilaterally, assists in flexion

44
Q

(Muscles of the abdomen)

Transverse abdominus

A

Abdominal compression

45
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Iliopsoas

A

(Ilicus + Psoas major)

Hip flexion

46
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Gluteus Maximus
O & I

A

Hip extension

O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I️: Gluteal tuberosity of femur

47
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Gluteus medius

A

Hip abduction

48
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Tensor fascia latae

A

Hip abduction

49
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Adductor magnus

A

Hip adduction

50
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Gracilis

A

Hip adduction

51
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Sartorius

A

Hip & knee flexion, laterally rotates femur

O:anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

I️: medial proximal tibia

52
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Rectus femoris
O & I

A

Hip flexion, knee extension

O:anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

I️: tibial tuberosity, patella

53
Q

(Muscles acting on the hip)

Hamstrings

A

Hip extension; knee flexion

54
Q

(Muscles of the lower extremity)

Quadriceps

A

Knee extension, hip flexion

4 in group consisting:

  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus lateralis
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Vastus intermedius
55
Q

(Muscles of the lower extremity)

Hamstrings

A 
Knee flexion, hip extension 
3 consisting in groups
1. Biceps femoris (lateral) 
2. SemiTendinosus (medial; more superficial)
3. Semimembranosus (most medial)

All extends thigh; flexes leg

2&3 Semi’s medially rotates leg

1 Biceos f. Laterally rotates leg

56
Q

(Muscles of the lower extremity)

Tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexion

57
Q

(Muscles of the lower extremity)

Gastrocnemius
O & I️

A

Plantar flexion

O: medial & lateral femoral condyles

I️: calcaneus

58
Q

(Muscles of the lower extremity)

Soleus

A

Plantar flexion

59
Q

Muscle origins & insertions

A

Origin: doesn’t move; stable; fix end

Insertion: moving; immobile end

A&P I (3 decks)

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