Bones (Skeleton) Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
FRONTAL BONE (1)
Coronal suture: sep. partial from frontal
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
PARIETAL BONE (2)
Lambdoidal suture: where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly
Sagittal suture: r & l parietals meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
OCCIPITAL BONE (1)
Foramen magnum: big hole holds spinal cord
Occipital condyles: 2 joints articulates w/ 1st vertebrae
External occipital protuberance: biggest bump outside of occipital
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
TEMPORAL BONE (2)
External auditory meatus: canal leading to the middle ear & eardrum
Squamous suture: where each parietal bone meets the temporal bone, lateral aspect of bone
Mastoid process: located posterior to external auditory meatus; serves as an attachment point for neck muscles
Styloid process: needlelike projection, serves as an attachment point for ligaments & muscle for neck
Zygomatic arch: compose of
- Zygomatic bone
- Temporal bone (zygomatic process)
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
SPHENOID BONE (1)
Sella turcica: “Turkish saddle” located on the superior surface of the body; seat of saddle called the hypophyseal fossa, holds the pituitary gland
Optic foramen: opening base of lesser wing; cranial nerve II (optic nerve) passes through
Greater wing: projects laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa & the orbits
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
ETHMOID BONE (1)
Crista galli: “Rooster’s comb”, a superior projection that attaches to the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull
Perpendicular plate: inferior projection that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
Cribriform plate: located lateral to the crista galli; form a portion of the roof of the nasal cavity & the floor of the anterior cranial fossa.
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
NASAL (2)
Small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
Zygomatic (2)
Cheek bones; each forms part of the lateral orbit
Zygomatic arch: consist of zygomatic bone & temporal bone (zygomatic process)
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
MAXILLA (2)
Upper jaw; forms part of the nose & eye socket
Palatine process: forms the anterior hard palate; meet anteriorly in the intermaxillary suture
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
PALATINE (2)
Forms the posterior hard palate, small part of the nasal cavity, & part of the orbit
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
LACRIMAL (2)
Each forms part of the medial orbit in between the maxilla & ethmoid bone
Lacrimal fossa: houses the lacrimal sac, which helps to drain tears from the nasal cavity
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
VOMER (1)
Thin blade-shaped bone that forms the inferior nasal septum
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
MANDIBLE (1)
Lower jawbone, articulates w/ the temporal bone to form the only freely movable joints in the skull (the temporomandibular joint)
Mandibular condyle: articulates w/ the mandibular fossae of the temporal bones
Ramus: vertical extension of the body (mandible)
Coronoid processes: “crown shaped” portion of the ramus for muscle attachment
Angle: posterior points where the ramus meets the body
Mental foramen: paired openings on the body (lateral to the midline); transmit blood vessels & nerves to the lower lip & skin of the chin
Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones
HYOID (1)
Located in the throat above the larynx.
Floating bone held by ligaments not part of your skull
Attachments for many tongue & neck muscles. Horseshoe shaped
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column(24) &
2 fused bones
Cervical (7)
C1 ATLAS
C2 AXIS
Vertebrae separated by fibrocartilage, intervertebral discs
C1: lacks bod; large concave depressions where occipital condyles of skull sits. Allows to node “yes”
C2: acts as a pivot for atlas & skull. Dens- serves as a pivot point. “No”
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
CERVICAL (7)
- Spinous process: short & bifurcated; single medial & posterior projection from vertebral arch.
- Transverse process: are wide & contain foramina; 2 lateral projections from vertebral arch
* 3. Transverse foramen (C only): arteries passes to the brain - Articulating facets
- Body: faces anteriorly to body
- Vertebral foramen: triangular shaped; spinal cord passes
Vertebrae arch formed by: - Lamina: roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the back side of spinal cord
- Pedicles: short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly; serves side protection of spinal cord
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
THORACIC (12)
ONLY vertebrae that articulates w/ ribs
- Spinous process: closer to lumbar shorter & posterior projection from vertebral arch.
- Transverse process: 2 lateral projections from vertebral arch
- Articulating facets: transverse process articulate with the tubercles of the ribs
- Body: faces anteriorly to body; larger body
- Vertebral foramen: oval or round shaped; spinal cord passes
Vertebrae arch formed by:
6. Lamina: roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the back side of spinal cord
- Pedicles: short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly; serves side protection of spinal cord
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
LUMBAR (5)
Sturdiest vert. Spinal cord ends at L2.
- Spinous process: posterior projection from vertebral arch; short, think, hatchet-shaped.
- Transverse process: 2 lateral projections from vertebral arch
- Articulating facets: structural regions reduce mobility
- Body: faces anteriorly to body; massive block like bodies
- Vertebral foramen: oval or round shaped; spinal cord passes
Vertebrae arch formed by:
6. Lamina: roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the back side of spinal cord
- Pedicles: short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly; serves side protection of spinal cord
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
Sacrum (4-5 fused bones)
Articulates with L5 inferiorly w/ coccyx. Articulates laterally with hip bones.
Both end of 4 ridges & allows for blood vessels & nerves to pass.
Anterior sacral foramina:
Posterior sacral foramina:
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
Coccyx (1)- tail bone
Formed 3-5 fused small irregular shaped. Vestige of the tail that other vertebrates have. Attached to sacrum by ligaments
Axial Skeleton
Thoracic Cage
RIBS
Thoracic- cone shaped, protects organs of the thoracic cavity (hearts, lungs, etc. . )
Ribs (12)
True 1-7
False 8-10
Floating 11-12
Costal cartilage: hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. found at the anterior ends of the ribs.
Axial Skeleton
Thoracic Cage
STERNUM
Breastbone, flat bone fusion of 3 bones: attached to the true ribs
Manubrium: superior-most, articulates w/ clavicle laterally
Sternal angle: manubrium & body meeting at a slight angle; by 2nd rib
Body: bulk of sternum
Xiphoid process: inferior end, lies 5th intercostal space
Appendicular Skeleton (126) +
pelvic & pectoral
Upper extremity
CLAVICLE
Collarbone
Sternal end: (medial) articulates w/ sternum (manubrium)
Acromial end: flattened lateral end thatarticulates w/ acromion of the scapula to form the AC joint.
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper extremity
SCAPULA
Shoulder blade
Spine: a ridge of bone on the posterior surface that is easily felt through the skin
Acromion: the lateral end of the spine that articulates w/ the clavicle to form AC joint
Caracoid process: projects above the glenoid cavity as a hooklike process; helps attach the biceps brachii muscle
Glenoid fossa/cavity: a shallow socket that articulates w/ head of humerus
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity
HUMERUS
Only bone of the arm
Head:
Greater tubercle: large lateral prominence; site of attachment of rotator cuff muscle
Lesser tubercle: small medial prominence; site of attachment of rotator cuff muscle
Trochlea: a flared medial condyle that articulates w/ the ulna
Capitulum: a rounded lateral condyle that articulates w/ radius
Olecranon fossa: large distal posterior depression that accommodates the olecranon of the ulna
Coronoid fossa: small medial anterior depression; receives the coronoid process of ulna when the forearm is flexed
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity
ULNA
Medial bone of the anatomical position.
Olecranon process: prominent process on the posterior proximal ulna
Coronoid process: shaped like a point on a crown; articulates w/ the trochlea Of the humerus
Trochlear notch: deep notch that separates the olecranon & coronoid process; articulates w/ the trochlea of the humerus
Head: slim distal end of the ulna; forms part of the distal radioulnar joint
Radial notch: small proximal lateral notch that articulates w/ the head of the radius
Styloid process: distal pointed projection; located medial to the head of the ulna
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity
RADIUS
Lateral bone of the forearm in the anatomical position
Head of radius: proximal end of the radius that forms part of the proximal radioulnar joint & articulates w/ the capitulum of the humerus
Styloid process: distal prominence; site of attachment for ligaments that travel to the wrist
Ulna notch: small distal depression that accommodates the head of the ulna, forming the distal radioulnar joint
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity
CARPALS (8)
Scaphoid Lunate Trapezium Triquetral Pisiform Hamate Capitate
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity
METACARPALS (5)
Palm
I️-V
Thumb-pinky
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity
PHALANGES (14)
Distal
Middle
Proximal
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
PELVIC (coxal)
Acetabulum:receives the head of thigh bone (femur)
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
ILIUM
Iliac crest: think superior margin of bone
Greater sciatic notch: deep notch
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
ISCHIUM
Sit down bone
Ischial tuberosity: rough projection receives our weight
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
PUBIS
Pubic symphysis: cartilage
Obturator foramen: blood vessels & nerve passes
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
FEMUR (thigh bone)
Head
Neck
Greater trochanter: large lateral projection
Lesser trochanter: large postermedial projection.
Linea aspera: long vertical ridge of bone on the posterior shaft of femur
Medial condyle: articulate w/tibia
Lateral condyle
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
TIBIA (shin bone, medial bone of leg)
Patella- knee cap
Medial condyle: articulates w/ medial condyle Of femur
Lateral condyle: w/ lateral c of femur
Tibial tuberosity: roughened anterior surface
Medial malleolus: forms bulge of ankle
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
FIBULA
(Lateral bone of leg)
Head: articulates w/tibia
Lateral malleolus: lateral bulge of the ankle articulates w/ talus
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
TARSALS (7)
Calcaneus: heel bone
Talus: lies b/t tibia & calc.
Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity
METATARSALS (5)
PHALANGES (14)
I️-V
Proximal, medial, & distal
