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A&P I > Bones (Skeleton) > Flashcards

Bones (Skeleton) Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones

FRONTAL BONE (1)

A

Coronal suture: sep. partial from frontal

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones

PARIETAL BONE (2)

A

Lambdoidal suture: where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Sagittal suture: r & l parietals meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium

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3
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones

OCCIPITAL BONE (1)

A

Foramen magnum: big hole holds spinal cord

Occipital condyles: 2 joints articulates w/ 1st vertebrae

External occipital protuberance: biggest bump outside of occipital

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4
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones

TEMPORAL BONE (2)

A

External auditory meatus: canal leading to the middle ear & eardrum

Squamous suture: where each parietal bone meets the temporal bone, lateral aspect of bone

Mastoid process: located posterior to external auditory meatus; serves as an attachment point for neck muscles

Styloid process: needlelike projection, serves as an attachment point for ligaments & muscle for neck

Zygomatic arch: compose of

  1. Zygomatic bone
  2. Temporal bone (zygomatic process)
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5
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones

SPHENOID BONE (1)

A

Sella turcica: “Turkish saddle” located on the superior surface of the body; seat of saddle called the hypophyseal fossa, holds the pituitary gland

Optic foramen: opening base of lesser wing; cranial nerve II (optic nerve) passes through

Greater wing: projects laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa & the orbits

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6
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones

ETHMOID BONE (1)

A

Crista galli: “Rooster’s comb”, a superior projection that attaches to the dura mater, helping to secure the brain within the skull

Perpendicular plate: inferior projection that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum

Cribriform plate: located lateral to the crista galli; form a portion of the roof of the nasal cavity & the floor of the anterior cranial fossa.

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7
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

NASAL (2)

A

Small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose

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8
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

Zygomatic (2)

A

Cheek bones; each forms part of the lateral orbit

Zygomatic arch: consist of zygomatic bone & temporal bone (zygomatic process)

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9
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

MAXILLA (2)

A

Upper jaw; forms part of the nose & eye socket

Palatine process: forms the anterior hard palate; meet anteriorly in the intermaxillary suture

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10
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

PALATINE (2)

A

Forms the posterior hard palate, small part of the nasal cavity, & part of the orbit

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11
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

LACRIMAL (2)

A

Each forms part of the medial orbit in between the maxilla & ethmoid bone

Lacrimal fossa: houses the lacrimal sac, which helps to drain tears from the nasal cavity

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12
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

VOMER (1)

A

Thin blade-shaped bone that forms the inferior nasal septum

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13
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

MANDIBLE (1)

A

Lower jawbone, articulates w/ the temporal bone to form the only freely movable joints in the skull (the temporomandibular joint)

Mandibular condyle: articulates w/ the mandibular fossae of the temporal bones

Ramus: vertical extension of the body (mandible)

Coronoid processes: “crown shaped” portion of the ramus for muscle attachment

Angle: posterior points where the ramus meets the body

Mental foramen: paired openings on the body (lateral to the midline); transmit blood vessels & nerves to the lower lip & skin of the chin

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14
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Skull
Facial Bones

HYOID (1)

A

Located in the throat above the larynx.

Floating bone held by ligaments not part of your skull

Attachments for many tongue & neck muscles. Horseshoe shaped

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15
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column(24) &
2 fused bones
Cervical (7)

C1 ATLAS
C2 AXIS

A

Vertebrae separated by fibrocartilage, intervertebral discs

C1: lacks bod; large concave depressions where occipital condyles of skull sits. Allows to node “yes”

C2: acts as a pivot for atlas & skull. Dens- serves as a pivot point. “No”

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16
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column

CERVICAL (7)

A
  1. Spinous process: short & bifurcated; single medial & posterior projection from vertebral arch.
  2. Transverse process: are wide & contain foramina; 2 lateral projections from vertebral arch
    * 3. Transverse foramen (C only): arteries passes to the brain
  3. Articulating facets
  4. Body: faces anteriorly to body
  5. Vertebral foramen: triangular shaped; spinal cord passes
    Vertebrae arch formed by:
  6. Lamina: roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the back side of spinal cord
  7. Pedicles: short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly; serves side protection of spinal cord
17
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column

THORACIC (12)

A

ONLY vertebrae that articulates w/ ribs

  1. Spinous process: closer to lumbar shorter & posterior projection from vertebral arch.
  2. Transverse process: 2 lateral projections from vertebral arch
  3. Articulating facets: transverse process articulate with the tubercles of the ribs
  4. Body: faces anteriorly to body; larger body
  5. Vertebral foramen: oval or round shaped; spinal cord passes

Vertebrae arch formed by:
6. Lamina: roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the back side of spinal cord

  1. Pedicles: short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly; serves side protection of spinal cord
18
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column

LUMBAR (5)

A

Sturdiest vert. Spinal cord ends at L2.

  1. Spinous process: posterior projection from vertebral arch; short, think, hatchet-shaped.
  2. Transverse process: 2 lateral projections from vertebral arch
  3. Articulating facets: structural regions reduce mobility
  4. Body: faces anteriorly to body; massive block like bodies
  5. Vertebral foramen: oval or round shaped; spinal cord passes

Vertebrae arch formed by:
6. Lamina: roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the back side of spinal cord

  1. Pedicles: short thick processes that extend, one from each side, posteriorly; serves side protection of spinal cord
19
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column

Sacrum (4-5 fused bones)

A

Articulates with L5 inferiorly w/ coccyx. Articulates laterally with hip bones.

Both end of 4 ridges & allows for blood vessels & nerves to pass.
Anterior sacral foramina:
Posterior sacral foramina:

20
Q

Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column

Coccyx (1)- tail bone

A

Formed 3-5 fused small irregular shaped. Vestige of the tail that other vertebrates have. Attached to sacrum by ligaments

21
Q

Axial Skeleton
Thoracic Cage

RIBS

A

Thoracic- cone shaped, protects organs of the thoracic cavity (hearts, lungs, etc. . )

Ribs (12)
True 1-7
False 8-10
Floating 11-12

Costal cartilage: hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. found at the anterior ends of the ribs.

22
Q

Axial Skeleton
Thoracic Cage

STERNUM

A

Breastbone, flat bone fusion of 3 bones: attached to the true ribs

Manubrium: superior-most, articulates w/ clavicle laterally

Sternal angle: manubrium & body meeting at a slight angle; by 2nd rib

Body: bulk of sternum

Xiphoid process: inferior end, lies 5th intercostal space

23
Q

Appendicular Skeleton (126) +
pelvic & pectoral
Upper extremity

CLAVICLE

A

Collarbone

Sternal end: (medial) articulates w/ sternum (manubrium)

Acromial end: flattened lateral end thatarticulates w/ acromion of the scapula to form the AC joint.

24
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper extremity

SCAPULA

A

Shoulder blade

Spine: a ridge of bone on the posterior surface that is easily felt through the skin

Acromion: the lateral end of the spine that articulates w/ the clavicle to form AC joint

Caracoid process: projects above the glenoid cavity as a hooklike process; helps attach the biceps brachii muscle

Glenoid fossa/cavity: a shallow socket that articulates w/ head of humerus

25
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity

HUMERUS

A

Only bone of the arm

Head:

Greater tubercle: large lateral prominence; site of attachment of rotator cuff muscle

Lesser tubercle: small medial prominence; site of attachment of rotator cuff muscle

Trochlea: a flared medial condyle that articulates w/ the ulna

Capitulum: a rounded lateral condyle that articulates w/ radius

Olecranon fossa: large distal posterior depression that accommodates the olecranon of the ulna

Coronoid fossa: small medial anterior depression; receives the coronoid process of ulna when the forearm is flexed

26
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity

ULNA

A

Medial bone of the anatomical position.

Olecranon process: prominent process on the posterior proximal ulna

Coronoid process: shaped like a point on a crown; articulates w/ the trochlea Of the humerus

Trochlear notch: deep notch that separates the olecranon & coronoid process; articulates w/ the trochlea of the humerus

Head: slim distal end of the ulna; forms part of the distal radioulnar joint

Radial notch: small proximal lateral notch that articulates w/ the head of the radius

Styloid process: distal pointed projection; located medial to the head of the ulna

27
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity

RADIUS

A

Lateral bone of the forearm in the anatomical position

Head of radius: proximal end of the radius that forms part of the proximal radioulnar joint & articulates w/ the capitulum of the humerus

Styloid process: distal prominence; site of attachment for ligaments that travel to the wrist

Ulna notch: small distal depression that accommodates the head of the ulna, forming the distal radioulnar joint

28
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity

CARPALS (8)

A 
Scaphoid 
Lunate
Trapezium
Triquetral 
Pisiform 
Hamate 
Capitate
29
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity

METACARPALS (5)

A

Palm

I️-V
Thumb-pinky

30
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Extremity

PHALANGES (14)

A

Distal
Middle
Proximal

31
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

PELVIC (coxal)

A

Acetabulum:receives the head of thigh bone (femur)

32
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

ILIUM

A

Iliac crest: think superior margin of bone

Greater sciatic notch: deep notch

33
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

ISCHIUM

A

Sit down bone

Ischial tuberosity: rough projection receives our weight

34
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

PUBIS

A

Pubic symphysis: cartilage

Obturator foramen: blood vessels & nerve passes

35
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

FEMUR (thigh bone)

A

Head
Neck
Greater trochanter: large lateral projection
Lesser trochanter: large postermedial projection.
Linea aspera: long vertical ridge of bone on the posterior shaft of femur
Medial condyle: articulate w/tibia
Lateral condyle

36
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

TIBIA (shin bone, medial bone of leg)

A

Patella- knee cap

Medial condyle: articulates w/ medial condyle Of femur

Lateral condyle: w/ lateral c of femur

Tibial tuberosity: roughened anterior surface

Medial malleolus: forms bulge of ankle

37
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

FIBULA
(Lateral bone of leg)

A

Head: articulates w/tibia

Lateral malleolus: lateral bulge of the ankle articulates w/ talus

38
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

TARSALS (7)

A

Calcaneus: heel bone

Talus: lies b/t tibia & calc.

39
Q

Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Extremity

METATARSALS (5)
PHALANGES (14)

A

I️-V

Proximal, medial, & distal

A&P I (3 decks)

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