Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Pectoralis major - Origin
A
1) medial 1/3 of clavicle
2) manubrium and body of sternum at midline
3) costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
4) aponeurosis of external oblique
2
Q
Pectoralis major - insertion
A
Humerus- lateral lip of intertubercular groove to the crest of the greater tubercle
3
Q
Pectoralis major - Action
A
1) addicts the arm at the shoulder
2) medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
3) clavicular portion: flexes the arm at the shoulder (if already extended)
4) sternocostal portion: extends the arm at the shoulder (if already flexed
4
Q
Pectoralis minor - Origin
A
Outer surface of ribs 3-5
5
Q
Pectoralis minor - insertion
A
Coracoid process of the scapula
6
Q
Pectoralis minor - action
A
1) depression and lateral rotation of the scapula
2) protracts the scapula if already retracted
3) elevates ribs in forced inspiration
7
Q
Serratus anterior - origin
A
Individual slips from the outer surface of ribs 1-8
8
Q
Serratus anterior - insertion
A
Anterior (costal) surface of vertebral border of the scapula
9
Q
Serratus anterior -action
A
1) protracts the scapula
2) stabilizes the scapula
3) assists in upward rotation of scapula
10
Q
Deltoid (deltoideus) - origin
A
1) anterior portion (clavicular) -distal, antero-lateral 1/3 of clavicle
2) lateral portion (acromial) - lateral border of the acromion process of scapula
3) posterior portion (spinous) - spine of scapula
11
Q
Deltoid (deltoideus) - insertion
A
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
12
Q
Deltoid (deltoideus) - action
A
1) abducts the arm at the shoulder (co-contraction of all portions)
2) flexion and medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder (anterior portion)
3) extension and lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder (posterior portion)
13
Q
Subclavius - origin
A
Costochondral junction of rib 1
14
Q
Subclavius - insertion
A
Inferior surface of clavicle
15
Q
Subclavius -action
A
Depresses and stabilizes clavicle
16
Q
Subscapularis - origin
A
Subscapular fossa of scapula
17
Q
Subscapularis - insertion
A
Lesser tubercle of humerus
18
Q
Subscapularis - action
A
1) medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
2) stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
19
Q
Coracobrachialis - origin
A
Coracoid process of the scapula
20
Q
Coracobrachialis - insertion
A
Medial shaft of the humerus at the mid-diaphysis
21
Q
Coracobrachialis - action
A
Weakly adducts the arm at the shoulder
22
Q
Biceps brachii - origin
A
1) long head: supraglenoid tubercle and glenohumeral labrum
2) short head: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula
23
Q
Biceps brachii - insertion
A
1) radial tuberosity
2) bicipital aponeurosis on medial forearm
24
Q
Biceps brachii - action
A
1) supinate the forearm (if already prone) -prime mover of this action
2) flexes the forearm at the elbow (if already supine)
3) weakly flexes arm at shoulder
25
Brachialis - origin
Distal 1/2 of anterior humerus
26
Brachialis - insertion
1) ulnar tuberosity
| 2) coronoid process of ulna
27
Brachialis - action
Flexes the forearm at the elbow - prime mover of this action
28
Pronator teres - origin
1) humeral head:
a) upper portion of medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon
b) medial supracondylar ridge of humerus
2) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
29
Pronator teres - insertion
Lateral side of the radius near mid-diaphysis
30
Pronator teres - action
1) pronates the forearm
| 2) weakly flexes the forearm at the elbow
31
Flexor carpi radialis - origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon
32
Flexor carpi radialis - insertion
Base of the second and third metacarpals
33
Flexor carpi radialis - action
1) flexes the hand at the wrist
| 2) deviates the hand towards the radial side at the wrist
34
Palmaris longus- origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon
35
Palmaris longus- insertion
1) central portion of the flexor retinaculum
| 2) superficial portion of the palmar aponeurosis
36
Palmaris longus- action
Flexes hand at wrist
37
Flexor carpi ulnaris- origin
1) humeral head- medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon
2) ulnar head:
a) medial aspect of olecranon
b) proximal 3/5 of posterior ulnar shaft
38
Flexor carpi ulnaris- insertion
1) pisiform
2) hook of hamate
3) base of 5th metacarpal
39
Flexor carpi ulnaris- action
1) flexes hand at wrist
| 2) deviates the hand towards the ulnar side at the wrist
40
Flexor digitorum superficialis- origin
1) humero-ulnar head:
a) medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon
b) medial border of base of coronoid process of ulna
2) radial head- proximal anterior shaft of radius
41
Flexor digitorum superficialis- insertion
Both sides of the base of each middle phalanx of digits 2-5
42
Flexor digitorum superficialis- action
1) flexes the proximal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5
| 2) flexes the wrist if fingers are extended
43
Flexor digitorum profundus - origin
1) antero-medial medial surface of proximal 3/4 ulna
| 2) adjacent interosseous membrane
44
Flexor digitorum profundus - insertion
Distal phalanx of digits 2-5 (through flexor digitorum superficialis tunnel)
45
Flexor digitorum profundus - action
1) directly flexes the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
2) indirectly flexes the proximal and middle interphalangeal joint of digits 2-5
3) flexes the wrist if fingers are extended
46
Flexor pollicis longus - origin
1) middle anterior surface of radius
2) adjacent interosseous membrane
3) medial epicondyle of humerus
47
Flexor pollicis longus - insertion
Palmar aspect of base of distal phalanx of the thumb (deep to flexor retinaculum)
48
Flexor pollicis longus - action
1) directly flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb (interphalangeal joint)
2) indirectly flexes intervening joints (metacarpo-phalangeal, carpo-metacarpal, and weakly at the wrist)
49
Pronator quadratus - origin
Distal 1/4 of antero-medial surface of ulna
50
Pronator quadratus - insertion
Distal 1/4 of antero-lateral surface of radius
51
Pronator quadratus - action
Pronates the forearm and hand
52
Trapezius - origin
1) external occipital protuberance
2) along the medial sides of the superior unchallenged line
3) ligamentum nuchae (surrounding the cervical spinous process)
4) spinous processes of C1-T12
53
Trapezius - insertion
1) superior portion - postero-lateral 1/3 of clavicle
2) middle portion - acromion process of scapula
3) inferior portion - superior margin of spine of scapula
54
Trapezius - action
1) Elevates the scapula
2) upward rotation of the scapula (upper fibers)
3) downward rotation of the scapular (lower fibers)
55
Latissimus dorsi - origin
1) spinous process of T7-L5
2) posterior surface of S1-S3
3) Iliac crest
4) ribs 9/10-12
56
Latissimus dorsi - insertion
Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of humerus
57
Latissimus dorsi - action
1) adducts the arm at the shoulder
2) medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
3) extends the arm at the shoulder (if already flexed)
4) downward rotation of the scapula
58
Rhomboideus (rhomboid) minor - origin
1) spinous processes of C7 and T1
2) ligamentum nuchae
3) supraspinous ligament
59
Rhomboideus (rhomboid) minor - insertion
Vertebral border of the scapula
60
Rhomboideus (rhomboid) minor - action
Retracts the scapula
61
Rhomboideus (rhomboid) major - origin
1) spinous process T2-T5
| 2) supraspinous ligament
62
Rhomboideus (rhomboid) major - insertion
Vertebral border of the scapula from the spine to the inferior angle
63
Rhomboideus (rhomboid) major - action
Retracts the scapula
64
Levator scapulae - origin
Transverse processes of C1-C3/C4
65
Levator scapulae - insertion
Superior angle of scapula
66
Levator scapulae - action
1) elevates the scapula
2) extends the neck
3) lateral flexion of the neck
67
Supraspinatus - origin
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
68
Supraspinatus - insertion
Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
69
Supraspinatus - action
1) abducts the arm at the shoulder (15-20o)
| 2) stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
70
Infraspinatus - origin
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
71
Infraspinatus - insertion
Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
72
Infraspinatus - action
1) lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder
| 2) stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
73
Teres minor - origin
Axillary border of the scapula, superior to the teres major
74
Teres minor - insertion
Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
75
Teres minor - action
1) lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder
| 2) stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
76
Teres major - origin
Posterior part of the inferior angle of the scapula
77
Teres major - insertion
Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus (just medial to the insertion of latissimus dorsi)
78
Teres major - action
1) adducts the humerus
2) medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
3) extends the arm at the shoulder (if already flexed)
79
Triceps brachii - origin
1) long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
2) lateral head: upper half of the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus
3) medial head: posterior shaft of humerus, distal to radial groove (deep to the long and lateral heads)
80
Triceps brachii - insertion
Posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna, via tendon common to the 3 heads
81
Triceps brachii - action
1) long: adducts the arm, extends the arm at the shoulder
2) lateral: extends the forearm at the elbow
3) medial: extends the forearm at the elbow
82
Anconeus - origin
Posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
83
Anconeus - insertion
Lateral surface of olecranon extending to the lateral part of the ulna
84
Anconeus - action
1) extends the forearm at the elbow
| 2) supports the elbow when in full extension
85
Supinator - origin
1) lateral epicondyle of humerus
2) supination crest of ulna
3) radial collateral ligament
4) annular ligament
86
Supinator - insertion
Proximal portion of antero-lateral surface of the radius
87
Supinator - action
Supinates the forearm
88
Brachioradialis - origin
Upper 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (b/w triceps and brachial is muscles)
89
Brachioradialis - insertion
Base of styloid process of radius
90
Brachioradialis - action
Flexes the forearm at the elbow
91
Extensor carpi radialis longus - origin
Lower lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
92
Extensor carpi radialis longus - insertion
Base of second metacarpal
93
Extensor carpi radialis longus - action
1) extend hand at wrist
| 2) deviates the hand towards the radial side at the wrist (abduction)
94
Extensor carpi radialis brevis - origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon
95
Extensor carpi radialis brevis - insertion
Base of 3rd metacarpal
96
Extensor carpi radialis brevis - action
1) extends the hand at wrist
| 2) deviates the hand towards the radial side at the wrist (abduction)
97
Extensor digitorum communis - origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon
98
Extensor digitorum communis - insertion
1) base of middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (central band)
| 2) base is distal phalanx of digits 2-5 (2 lateral bands)
99
Extensor digitorum communis - action
1) extends digits 2-5
| 2) extends the wrist if fingers are already flexed
100
Extensor digiti minimi - origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon
101
Extensor digiti minimi - insertion
Dorsum of proximal phalanx of digit 5
102
Extensor digiti minimi - action
Extends digit 5
103
Extensor carpi ulnaris - origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon
104
Extensor carpi ulnaris - insertion
Medial side of base of the 5th metacarpal
105
Extensor carpi ulnaris - action
1) extends the hand at the wrist
| 2) deviates the hand toward the ulnar side at the wrist (adduction)
106
Abductor pollicis longus - origin
1) posterior surfaces of ulna and radius
| 2) adjacent interosseous membrane
107
Abductor pollicis longus - insertion
Lateral side of base of first metacarpal
108
Abductor pollicis longus - action
1) abducts the first metacarpal
2) extends the thumb
3) lateral rotation of the thumb
4) deviates the hand towards the radial side at the wrist (abduction)
109
Extensor pollicis brevis - origin
1) posterior surface of radius
| 2) adjacent interosseous membrane
110
Extensor pollicis brevis - insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
111
Extensor pollicis brevis - action
1) extends the proximal phalanx and 1st metacarpal of the thumb
2) deviates the hand towards the radial side at the wrist (abduction)
112
Extensor pollicis longus - origin
1) posterior surface of ulna
| 2) adjacent interosseous membrane
113
Extensor pollicis longus - insertion
Distal phalanx of thumb
114
Extensor pollicis longus - action
1) Extends distal phalanx of thumb
2) extends proximal phalanx of thumb
3) extends the hand at the wrist (if fingers already flexed)
115
Extensor indicis - origin
1) posterior surface of ulna
2) interosseous membrane
3) antebrachial fascia
116
Extensor indicis - insertion
Base of middle and distal phalanges of digit 2
117
Extensor indicis - action
1) extends digit 2
| 2) stabilizes metacarpo-phalangeal joint if flexing only at the inter-phalangeal joint
