Motions

Question 1

Extension/ flexion

Answer 1

Increasing/ decreasing angle of joint (from anterior)

Question 2

Abduction/ adduction

Answer 2

Away from/ towards midline

Question 3

Elevation/ depression

Answer 3

Toward/away from “top” of animal

Question 4

Pronation/ supination

Answer 4

Hand palm down/ palm up

Question 5

Dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion

Answer 5

Pointing foot up/ down at ankle

Question 6

Extension/ flexion (spine)

Answer 6

Arching back towards dorsal/ bending back toward ventral

Question 7

Extension/ flexion (shoulder)

Answer 7

Moving arm posteriorly/ anteriorly

Question 8

Extension/ flexion (hip)

Answer 8

Moving thigh posteriorly/ anteriorly

Question 9

Lateral flexion (spine)

Answer 9

Bending spine in frontal plane left or right

Question 10

Medial/ lateral rotation (shoulder and hip)

Answer 10

Rotating towards/ away from midline

Question 11

Protraction/ retraction (jaw and tongue)

Answer 11

Extend forward/backward

Question 12

Protraction/ retraction (scapula)

Answer 12

Sliding scapular away from/ towards the midline (makes shoulder joint more anterior/ posterior)

Question 13

Inversion/ eversion

Answer 13

Twisting foot at ankle so that plantar surface faces medially/ laterally

Question 14

Opposition

Answer 14

Bringing tips of thumb and finger together across palm

Question 15

Apposition

Answer 15

Bringing to separate parts into contact

Question 16

Circumduction

Answer 16

Continuous 360 circular movement