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Physiology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What connect tissue around muscle

A

Epimysium

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2
Q

What connects tissue around fascicles

A

Perimysium

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3
Q

What’s a fascicles

A

Group of muscle cells

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4
Q

What does the endomysium do

A

Connect tissue around the muscle cell

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5
Q

What’s the sarcolemma

A

It’s muscle cell plasma membrane

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6
Q

What are myofibrils made up of

A

Sarcomeres

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7
Q

What is a sarcomere

A

It is composed of protein filament of myosin and act to function the muscle

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8
Q

What are essential ingredients for a muscle to contract

A 
Action potential
Calcium
ATP
ACTIN
Myosin
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9
Q

What is the sliding filament theory

A

Is the explanation for how muscle contact to produce force

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages of the sliding filament theory

A

Creation of cross bridge
Sliding of the filament
Muscle relaxation

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11
Q

What’s happens is the creation of the cross bridge stage of sliding filament theory

A

Thin actin filaments have binding sited where myosin five red want to attach to them

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12
Q

What happens in the 2nd stage of the sliding filament theory

A

Myosin heads swivel and pull actin filaments towards the middle of the sarcomere.
This shortens the whole sarcomere
ATP then bind ps myosin head to detach

then the process repeats as long as there is calcium and ATP available

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13
Q

What happens in the muscle relaxation stage of the sliding filament theory

A

Calcium removed from sarcoplasm
ATP is no longer used by muscle cell
Tropomyosin complex covers the binding sites
Muscle relaxes

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14
Q

What are thick filaments

A

Two proteins strands each folded into a globular head at one end

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15
Q

What does thick filaments contain

A

500 myosin molecules

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16
Q

What are thin filaments

A

Twisted combination of actin Tropomyosin and troponin with one end attached to a Z disk

17
Q

What does the Z disc do?

A

Separates the sarcomeres

18
Q

What is the M line

A

Supports proteins holding the thick filaments

19
Q

What’s the H line

A

Thin filaments but no thick filaments

20
Q

What’s the A line

A

Thick filaments length

21
Q

What attaches the fascia to the bone

A

Tendon

22
Q

What’s a unipennate muscle

A

When all the fibres are on the same side

23
Q

What is a example of unipennate muscle

A

Ex. Biceps femoris , extensor digitorum long us , tibialis posterior

24
Q

Where is a pennate muscle

A

Rectus femoris

25
Q

Parallel fibre arrangements are

A

Fibres arranged parrallel to length of muscle produce a greater ROM. Than similar sized muscles with pennate arrangement

26
Q

What does the myofibrill contain

A

Actin and myosin filaments

27
Q

Where is the Golgi tendon found

A

Located proximal to the tendons attachment to the muscle

28
Q

What does a Golgi tendon

A

Encapsulated sensory organs through which a small bundle of muscle tendon fibres pass

29
Q

What is proprioception

A

The sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body

30
Q

What is kinesthesia

A

The sense that detects bodily position ,w eight or movement of the muscles , tendons and joints

31
Q

What’s a slow twitch fibre

A

Motor nerve fibres at a low frequency

32
Q

What’s a fast twitch fibre

A

Motor nerve fibres at high frequency

33
Q

What is depolarisation

A

It’s when the inside of the cell becomes less negative relative to outside and is caused by a chance in the membrane

34
Q

What’s pleura

A

The serous lining of the lungs

35
Q

What does the pleura do

A

Reduced friction during the repetitive motion from breathing

36
Q

What’s boules law

A

Pressure x volumes is constant , therefore as volume increases ok inspiration , pressure decreases

37
Q

How do you measuring lung function

A

Spirometry

38
Q

What does spirometry do

A

It measures the volume of air inspired and expired and therefore changes in lung volume

Physiology (4 decks)

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