Muscles Flashcards
Buccinator
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from alveolar processes of the maxilla & mandible, pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the buccal angle
function - compresses cheek
innervation - facial n. (buccal branches)
blood supply - facial & buccal a.
Depressor anguli oris
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from mandible to buccal angle
function - depresses buccal angle laterally
innervation - facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)
blood supply - inferior labial & mental a
Depressor labii inferioris
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from lower oblique line of mandible to skin & mucosa of lower lip
function - draws lower lip downward
innervation - facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)
blood supply - inferior labial & mental a.
Frontalis
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from the superficial fascia of the eyebrows to the epicranial aponeurosis
function - protracts the scalp or elevates eyebrows & nose
innervation - facial n. (temporal branch)
blood supply - superficial temporal, supraorbital & supratrochlear a.
Levator anguli oris
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from canine fossa of maxilla to angle of mouth
function - raises angle of mouth
innervation - facial n. (buccal branches)
blood supply - facial, superior labial & infraorbital a.
Levator labii superioris
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from the infraorbital orbital margin to the lateral aspect of the upper lip
function - raises & everts upper lip
innervation - facial n. (buccal branches)
blood supply - facial, angular & infraorbital a.
Mentalis
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from incisive fossa of mandible to skin of chin
function - raises lower lip
innervation - facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)
blood supply - inferior labial & mental a.
Nasalis
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from the maxilla lateral & inferior to the nasal notch to the bridge & ala of the nose
function - transverse fibers compress & alar fibers widen the nasal aperature
innervation - facial n. (buccal branch)
blood supply - lateral nasal, angular & infraorbital a.
Orbicularis occuli
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from orbital margin & medial palpebral lig. to superficial fascia of the eyelid
function - palpebral sphinchter
innervation - temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial n.
blood supply - superficial temporal, lacrimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal, angular, infraorbital & transverse facial a.
Orbicularis oris
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from the angle of the mouth to the superficial fascia of the upper lip
function - oral sphinchter
innervation - facial n. (buccal & marginal mandibular branches)
blood supply - facial, inferior & superior labial, infraorbital & mental a.
Platysma
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from the lower border of the mandible to the superficial fascia of the skin of the neck overlying the clavicle
function - wrinkles the anterior nuccal skin
innervation - facial n. (cervical branch)
blood supply - facial, submental & suprascapular a.
Zygomaticus major
Craniofacial muscle
attachments - from zygomatic bone to angle of the mouth
function - raises the buccal angle
innervation - facial n. (buccal branch)
blood supply - facial, superior labial, transverse facial & infraorbital a.
Inferior oblique
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the maxilla lateral to the nasolacrimal groove to the inferolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera
function - elevation, abduction and extorsion of the eye
innervation - inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
blood supply - ophthalmic & infraorbital a.
Inferior rectus
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the inferior aspect of the sclera
function - depression, adduction & extorsion of eye
innervation - inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
blood supply - ophthalmic & infraorbital a.
Lateral rectus
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the lateral aspect of the sclera
function - abduction of the eye
innervation - abducens n.
blood supply - ophthalmic & lacrimal a.
Levator palpebrae superioris
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the inferior aspect of the lesser wing of the sphenoid to the tarsus and skin of the upper lid
function - elevation of the upper lid
innervation - superior ramus of the oculomotor n.
blood supply - ophthalmic & supraorbital a.
Medial rectus
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the medial aspect of the sclera
function - adduction of the eye
innervation - inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
blood supply - ophthalmic, anterior ethmoidal & posterior ethmoidal a.
Superior oblique
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the superomedial, posterior aspect of the orbit (body of sphenoid) to the superolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera passing around the trochlea (superomedial, anterior aspect of the orbit)
function - abduction, depression & intorsion of the eye
innervation - trochlear n.
blood supply - ophthalmic, uspraorbital, anterior ethmoidal & posterior ethmoidal a.
Superior rectus
Extraocular muscle
attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the superior aspect of the sclera
function - elevation, adduction & intorsion of the eye
innervation - superior ramus of the oculomotor n.
blood supply - ophthalmic & supraorbital a.
Masseter
Muscle of mastication
attachments - from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible & lateral aspect of the ramus
function - elevation, protraction and retraction (deep fibers) the mandible
innervation - mandibular nerve
blood supply - masseteric, facial & transverse facial a.
Temporalis
Muscle of mastication
attachments - from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process & anterior border (temporal crest) of the ramus of the mandible
function - elevation & retraction (posterior aspect of the muscle) of the mandible
innervation - mandibular n.
blood supply - deep temporal a.
Lateral pterygoid
Muscle of mastication
attachments - from the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid & lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the pterygoid fovea of the mandible & the TMJ disc
function - protraction of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
innervation - mandibular n.
blood supply - pterygoid & ascending palatine a.
Medial pterygoid
Muscle of mastication
attachments - from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate & adjacent pterygoid fossa to the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible
function - elevation of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
innervation - mandibular n.
blood supply - pterygoid a.
Anterior digastric
Anterolateral neck muscles
attachments - from the digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid)
function - depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
innervation - mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.
blood supply - submental branch of facial a.
Posterior digastric
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the temporal mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid)
function - depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
innervation - facial n.
blood supply - occipital & posterior auricular a.
Geniohyoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible to the anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid
function - elevation & anterior displacement of the hyoid, or depression of the mandible with a fixed hyoid
innervation - ventral ramus of C1 (via the hypoglossal n.)
blood supply - sublingual a.
Longus capitis
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the basilar occipital bone
function - flexion of the head & neck
innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, ascending cervical, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.
Longus colli
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from cervical vertebral bodies to cervical vertebral bodies & transverse processes
function - flexion of the neck
innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.
Mylohyoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to the midline raphe & anterior aspect of body of the hyoid
function - elevation of the floor of the oral cavity
innervation - mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.
blood supply - submental branch of facial & lingual a.
Omohyoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch to the lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the clavicle & 1st rib
function - depression of the hyoid
innervation - ansa cervicalis
blood supply - superior thyroid, suprascapular & lingual a.
Scalenus anterior
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the transverse processes (anterior tubercles) of middle cervical vertebrae to the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib
function - elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & flexion & rotation of the neck
innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - ascending cervical, suprascapular & trasverse cervical a.
Scalenus medius
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to 1st rib
function - elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion of the neck
innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.
Scalenus posterior
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from lower cervical transverse processes to the 2nd rib
function - elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration)
innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.
Sternocleidomastoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the lateral aspect of the mastoid process & superior nuchal line to the manubrium & medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
function - flexion of the head & neck, & contralateral rotation of the head
innervation - accessory n
blood supply - occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid & suprascapular a.
Sternohyoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the posterior side of the proximal clavical & adjacent manubrium to the inferior border of body of the hyoid
function - depresses the hyoid
innervation - ansa cervicalis
blood supply - superior thyroid & lingual a.
Sternothyroid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the posterior aspect of the manubrium to the thyroid lamina
function - depression of the elevated larynx
innervation - ansa cervicalis
blood supply - superior thyroid & lingual a.
Stylohyoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the styloid process to the greater cornu of the hyoid
function - elevation & retraction of the hyoid
innervation - facial n.
blood supply - occipital, posterior auricular & facial a.
Thyrohyoid
Anterolateral neck muscle
attachments - from the thyroid lamina to the hyoid bone
function - depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage
innervation - ventral ramus of C1 via the hypoglossal n.
blood supply - superior thyroid & lingual a.
Splenius capitis
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from the ligamentum nuchae and lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes to the lateral third of the superior nuchal line
function - extension & lateral flexion of the head
innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Splenius cervicis
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes (posterior tubercles) of upper three cervical vertebrae
function - together extend neck, single side does ipsilateral rotation
innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Longissimus capitis
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from the upper thoracic transverse processes to the posterior margin of the mastoid process
function - extension & ipsilateral rotation of the head
innervation - dorsal rami of spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Semispinalis capitis
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from upper thoracic & cervical transverse processes to the occipital bone between the inferior & superior nuchal lines
function - extension of the head
innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Semispinalis cervicis
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from upper thoracic transverse processes to cervical spinous processes
function - extension of the neck
innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
blood supply - vertebral, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Rectus capitis posterior major
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from the spinous process of the axis to the adjacent occipital bone
function - extension of the head
innervation - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from the posterior tubercle of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone
function - extension of the head
innervation - suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)
blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.
Obliquus capitis inferior
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from the spinous process of the axis to the transverse process of the atlas
function - ipsilateral rotation of the head
innervation - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.
Obliquus capitis superior
Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle
attachments - from the transverse process of atlas to the occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines
function - posterolateral flexion of the head
innervation - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.
Genioglossus
Muscle of the tongue
attachments - from the superior genial tubercle to the hyoid (body), middle constrictor & length of the ventral aspect of the tongue
function - protrusion of the tongue
innervation - hypoglossal n.
blood supply - deep lingual & sublingual a.
Hyoglossus
Muscle of the tongue
attachments - from the greater cornu & body of the hyoid to the lateral aspect of the tongue
function - depression of the tongue
innervation - hypoglossal n.
blood supply - submental & sublingual a.
Styloglossus
Muscle of the tongue
attachments - from the styloid process to the lateral base of the tongue
function - elevation & retraction of the tongue
innervation - hypoglossal n.
blood supply - sublingual a.
Levator veli palatini
Muscle of the palate
attachments - from the petrous temporal bone adjacent to the carotid canal & the cartilagenous portion of the auditory tube to the soft palate
function - elevates the soft palate
innervation - vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)
blood supply - ascending palatine, greater palatine & lesser palatine a.
Musculus uvulae (L. uva, grape)
Muscle of the palate
attachments - from the hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine bone) to the uvular mucosa
function - aids in palatopharyngeal closure
innervation - vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
blood supply - ascending palatine & lesser palatine a.
Palatoglossus
Muscle of the palate
attachments - from the palatine aponeurosis to the lateral aspect of the tongue
function - elevation of the root of the tongue & approximation of the palatoglossal folds
innervation - vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
blood supply - ascending palatine, ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Palatopharyngeus
Muscle of the palate
attachments - from posterior hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine bone) and palatine aponeurosis to the wall of the pharynx
function - elevation of the pharynx & approximation of the palatopharyngeal folds
innervation - vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
blood supply - ascending palatine, ascending ppharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Tensor veli palatini
Muscle of the palate
attachments - from the scaphoid fossa, cartilage of the auditory tube & spine of the sphenoid to the palatine aponeurosis (after deflecting around the hamulus)
function - unilateral deviation & bilateral tension of the soft palate
innervation - mandibular n.
blood supply - ascending palatine, greater palatine & lesser palatine a.
Inferior constrictor
Muscle of the pharynx
attachments - from the cricoid & thyroid cartilages to median pharyngeal raphe
function - general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
innervation - pharyngeal plexus (X), recurrent laryngeal n & external laryngeal n.
blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.
Middle constrictor
Muscle of the pharynx
attachments - from the greater & lesser cornu of hyoid & stylohyoid ligament to the median pharyngeal raphe
function - general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
innervation - pharyngeal plexus (X)
blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Superior constrictor
Muscle of the pharynx
attachments - from pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the median pharyngeal raphe
function - general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
innervation - pharyngeal plexus (X)
blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Salpingopharyngeus (G. salpinx, trumpet)
Muscle of the pharynx
attachments - from the cartilage of the auditory tube to the lateral wall of the pharynx
function - elevation of the superior lateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall
innervation - vagus n.
blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & ascending palatine a.
Stylopharyngeus
Muscle of the pharynx
attachments - from the styloid process to the posterolateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall
function - elevation of the pharyngeal wall
innervation - glossopharyngeal n.
blood supply - ascending pharyngeal a.
Aryepiglotticus
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the oblique arytenoids to the aryepiglottic folds
function - closes the aryepiglottic folds
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Lateral cricoarytenoid (G. krikos, a ring)
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid
function - closes the glottis (adducts the vocal folds)
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
function - opens the glottis (abducts the vocal folds)
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Cricothyroid
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the anterolateral external aspect of the cricoid cartilage to the lower border of the thyroid cartilage & inferior cornu
function - tenses the vocal folds
innervation - external laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior thyroid a.
Interarytenoids (transverse & oblique)
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from arytenoid to arytenoid
function - closes glottis & assists in closing aryepiglottic folds
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Thyroarytenoid
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the lower half of the thyroid angle to the anterolateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage
function - closes glottis or slackens vocal folds
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Thyroepiglotticus
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the thyroid angle to the epiglottic margin
function - widens glottis
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Vocalis
Muscle of the larynx
attachments - from the thyroid angle to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage
function - slackens tensed vocal ligaments for changes in pitch
innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.
blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Stapedius
Muscle of the middle ear
attachments - from posterior wall (pyramidal eminence) of tympanic cavity to neck of stapes
function - dampens vibrations of the stapes
innervation - facial n.
blood supply - posterior auricular, anterior tympanic & middle meningeal a.
Tensor tympani
Muscle of the middle ear
attachments - from pharyngotympanic tube to handle of malleus
function - dampens movement of the malleus
innervation - nerve to the medial pterygoid, mandibular n.
blood supply - superior tympanic branch of middle meningeal a.
