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Human Body Unit III > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Buccinator

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from alveolar processes of the maxilla & mandible, pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the buccal angle

function - compresses cheek

innervation - facial n. (buccal branches)

blood supply - facial & buccal a.

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2
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from mandible to buccal angle

function - depresses buccal angle laterally

innervation - facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)

blood supply - inferior labial & mental a

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3
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from lower oblique line of mandible to skin & mucosa of lower lip

function - draws lower lip downward

innervation - facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)

blood supply - inferior labial & mental a.

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4
Q

Frontalis

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from the superficial fascia of the eyebrows to the epicranial aponeurosis

function - protracts the scalp or elevates eyebrows & nose

innervation - facial n. (temporal branch)

blood supply - superficial temporal, supraorbital & supratrochlear a.

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5
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from canine fossa of maxilla to angle of mouth

function - raises angle of mouth

innervation - facial n. (buccal branches)

blood supply - facial, superior labial & infraorbital a.

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6
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from the infraorbital orbital margin to the lateral aspect of the upper lip

function - raises & everts upper lip

innervation - facial n. (buccal branches)

blood supply - facial, angular & infraorbital a.

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7
Q

Mentalis

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from incisive fossa of mandible to skin of chin

function - raises lower lip

innervation - facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)

blood supply - inferior labial & mental a.

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8
Q

Nasalis

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from the maxilla lateral & inferior to the nasal notch to the bridge & ala of the nose

function - transverse fibers compress & alar fibers widen the nasal aperature

innervation - facial n. (buccal branch)

blood supply - lateral nasal, angular & infraorbital a.

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9
Q

Orbicularis occuli

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from orbital margin & medial palpebral lig. to superficial fascia of the eyelid

function - palpebral sphinchter

innervation - temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial n.

blood supply - superficial temporal, lacrimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal, angular, infraorbital & transverse facial a.

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10
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from the angle of the mouth to the superficial fascia of the upper lip

function - oral sphinchter

innervation - facial n. (buccal & marginal mandibular branches)

blood supply - facial, inferior & superior labial, infraorbital & mental a.

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11
Q

Platysma

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from the lower border of the mandible to the superficial fascia of the skin of the neck overlying the clavicle

function - wrinkles the anterior nuccal skin

innervation - facial n. (cervical branch)

blood supply - facial, submental & suprascapular a.

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12
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

Craniofacial muscle

attachments - from zygomatic bone to angle of the mouth

function - raises the buccal angle

innervation - facial n. (buccal branch)

blood supply - facial, superior labial, transverse facial & infraorbital a.

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13
Q

Inferior oblique

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the maxilla lateral to the nasolacrimal groove to the inferolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera

function - elevation, abduction and extorsion of the eye

innervation - inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.

blood supply - ophthalmic & infraorbital a.

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14
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the inferior aspect of the sclera

function - depression, adduction & extorsion of eye

innervation - inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.

blood supply - ophthalmic & infraorbital a.

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15
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the lateral aspect of the sclera

function - abduction of the eye

innervation - abducens n.

blood supply - ophthalmic & lacrimal a.

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16
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the inferior aspect of the lesser wing of the sphenoid to the tarsus and skin of the upper lid

function - elevation of the upper lid

innervation - superior ramus of the oculomotor n.

blood supply - ophthalmic & supraorbital a.

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17
Q

Medial rectus

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the medial aspect of the sclera

function - adduction of the eye

innervation - inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.

blood supply - ophthalmic, anterior ethmoidal & posterior ethmoidal a.

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18
Q

Superior oblique

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the superomedial, posterior aspect of the orbit (body of sphenoid) to the superolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera passing around the trochlea (superomedial, anterior aspect of the orbit)

function - abduction, depression & intorsion of the eye

innervation - trochlear n.

blood supply - ophthalmic, uspraorbital, anterior ethmoidal & posterior ethmoidal a.

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19
Q

Superior rectus

A

Extraocular muscle

attachments - from the common tendinous ring to the superior aspect of the sclera

function - elevation, adduction & intorsion of the eye

innervation - superior ramus of the oculomotor n.

blood supply - ophthalmic & supraorbital a.

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20
Q

Masseter

A

Muscle of mastication

attachments - from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible & lateral aspect of the ramus

function - elevation, protraction and retraction (deep fibers) the mandible

innervation - mandibular nerve

blood supply - masseteric, facial & transverse facial a.

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21
Q

Temporalis

A

Muscle of mastication

attachments - from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process & anterior border (temporal crest) of the ramus of the mandible

function - elevation & retraction (posterior aspect of the muscle) of the mandible

innervation - mandibular n.

blood supply - deep temporal a.

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22
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Muscle of mastication

attachments - from the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid & lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the pterygoid fovea of the mandible & the TMJ disc

function - protraction of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food

innervation - mandibular n.

blood supply - pterygoid & ascending palatine a.

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23
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Muscle of mastication

attachments - from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate & adjacent pterygoid fossa to the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible

function - elevation of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food

innervation - mandibular n.

blood supply - pterygoid a.

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24
Q

Anterior digastric

A

Anterolateral neck muscles

attachments - from the digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid)

function - depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid

innervation - mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.

blood supply - submental branch of facial a.

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25
Q

Posterior digastric

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the temporal mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid)

function - depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid

innervation - facial n.

blood supply - occipital & posterior auricular a.

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26
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible to the anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid

function - elevation & anterior displacement of the hyoid, or depression of the mandible with a fixed hyoid

innervation - ventral ramus of C1 (via the hypoglossal n.)

blood supply - sublingual a.

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27
Q

Longus capitis

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the basilar occipital bone

function - flexion of the head & neck

innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, ascending cervical, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.

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28
Q

Longus colli

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from cervical vertebral bodies to cervical vertebral bodies & transverse processes

function - flexion of the neck

innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.

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29
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to the midline raphe & anterior aspect of body of the hyoid

function - elevation of the floor of the oral cavity

innervation - mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.

blood supply - submental branch of facial & lingual a.

30
Q

Omohyoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch to the lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the clavicle & 1st rib

function - depression of the hyoid

innervation - ansa cervicalis

blood supply - superior thyroid, suprascapular & lingual a.

31
Q

Scalenus anterior

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the transverse processes (anterior tubercles) of middle cervical vertebrae to the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib

function - elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & flexion & rotation of the neck

innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - ascending cervical, suprascapular & trasverse cervical a.

32
Q

Scalenus medius

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to 1st rib

function - elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion of the neck

innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.

33
Q

Scalenus posterior

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from lower cervical transverse processes to the 2nd rib

function - elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration)

innervation - ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.

34
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the lateral aspect of the mastoid process & superior nuchal line to the manubrium & medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

function - flexion of the head & neck, & contralateral rotation of the head

innervation - accessory n

blood supply - occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid & suprascapular a.

35
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the posterior side of the proximal clavical & adjacent manubrium to the inferior border of body of the hyoid

function - depresses the hyoid

innervation - ansa cervicalis

blood supply - superior thyroid & lingual a.

36
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the posterior aspect of the manubrium to the thyroid lamina

function - depression of the elevated larynx

innervation - ansa cervicalis

blood supply - superior thyroid & lingual a.

37
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the styloid process to the greater cornu of the hyoid

function - elevation & retraction of the hyoid

innervation - facial n.

blood supply - occipital, posterior auricular & facial a.

38
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Anterolateral neck muscle

attachments - from the thyroid lamina to the hyoid bone

function - depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage

innervation - ventral ramus of C1 via the hypoglossal n.

blood supply - superior thyroid & lingual a.

39
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from the ligamentum nuchae and lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes to the lateral third of the superior nuchal line

function - extension & lateral flexion of the head

innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.

40
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes (posterior tubercles) of upper three cervical vertebrae

function - together extend neck, single side does ipsilateral rotation

innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.

41
Q

Longissimus capitis

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from the upper thoracic transverse processes to the posterior margin of the mastoid process

function - extension & ipsilateral rotation of the head

innervation - dorsal rami of spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.

42
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from upper thoracic & cervical transverse processes to the occipital bone between the inferior & superior nuchal lines

function - extension of the head

innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.

43
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from upper thoracic transverse processes to cervical spinous processes

function - extension of the neck

innervation - dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply - vertebral, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.

44
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from the spinous process of the axis to the adjacent occipital bone

function - extension of the head

innervation - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)

blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.

45
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from the posterior tubercle of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone

function - extension of the head

innervation - suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)

blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.

46
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from the spinous process of the axis to the transverse process of the atlas

function - ipsilateral rotation of the head

innervation - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)

blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.

47
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A

Deep muscles of the neck and suboccipital triangle

attachments - from the transverse process of atlas to the occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines

function - posterolateral flexion of the head

innervation - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)

blood supply - vertebral & occipital a.

48
Q

Genioglossus

A

Muscle of the tongue

attachments - from the superior genial tubercle to the hyoid (body), middle constrictor & length of the ventral aspect of the tongue

function - protrusion of the tongue

innervation - hypoglossal n.

blood supply - deep lingual & sublingual a.

49
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Muscle of the tongue

attachments - from the greater cornu & body of the hyoid to the lateral aspect of the tongue

function - depression of the tongue

innervation - hypoglossal n.

blood supply - submental & sublingual a.

50
Q

Styloglossus

A

Muscle of the tongue

attachments - from the styloid process to the lateral base of the tongue

function - elevation & retraction of the tongue

innervation - hypoglossal n.

blood supply - sublingual a.

51
Q

Levator veli palatini

A

Muscle of the palate

attachments - from the petrous temporal bone adjacent to the carotid canal & the cartilagenous portion of the auditory tube to the soft palate

function - elevates the soft palate

innervation - vagus nerve (pharyngeal branch)

blood supply - ascending palatine, greater palatine & lesser palatine a.

52
Q

Musculus uvulae (L. uva, grape)

A

Muscle of the palate

attachments - from the hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine bone) to the uvular mucosa

function - aids in palatopharyngeal closure

innervation - vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)

blood supply - ascending palatine & lesser palatine a.

53
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Muscle of the palate

attachments - from the palatine aponeurosis to the lateral aspect of the tongue

function - elevation of the root of the tongue & approximation of the palatoglossal folds

innervation - vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)

blood supply - ascending palatine, ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.

54
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

Muscle of the palate

attachments - from posterior hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine bone) and palatine aponeurosis to the wall of the pharynx

function - elevation of the pharynx & approximation of the palatopharyngeal folds

innervation - vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)

blood supply - ascending palatine, ascending ppharyngeal & tonsilar a.

55
Q

Tensor veli palatini

A

Muscle of the palate

attachments - from the scaphoid fossa, cartilage of the auditory tube & spine of the sphenoid to the palatine aponeurosis (after deflecting around the hamulus)

function - unilateral deviation & bilateral tension of the soft palate

innervation - mandibular n.

blood supply - ascending palatine, greater palatine & lesser palatine a.

56
Q

Inferior constrictor

A

Muscle of the pharynx

attachments - from the cricoid & thyroid cartilages to median pharyngeal raphe

function - general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing

innervation - pharyngeal plexus (X), recurrent laryngeal n & external laryngeal n.

blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.

57
Q

Middle constrictor

A

Muscle of the pharynx

attachments - from the greater & lesser cornu of hyoid & stylohyoid ligament to the median pharyngeal raphe

function - general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing

innervation - pharyngeal plexus (X)

blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.

58
Q

Superior constrictor

A

Muscle of the pharynx

attachments - from pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe to the median pharyngeal raphe

function - general sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing

innervation - pharyngeal plexus (X)

blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.

59
Q

Salpingopharyngeus (G. salpinx, trumpet)

A

Muscle of the pharynx

attachments - from the cartilage of the auditory tube to the lateral wall of the pharynx

function - elevation of the superior lateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall

innervation - vagus n.

blood supply - ascending pharyngeal & ascending palatine a.

60
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Muscle of the pharynx

attachments - from the styloid process to the posterolateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall

function - elevation of the pharyngeal wall

innervation - glossopharyngeal n.

blood supply - ascending pharyngeal a.

61
Q

Aryepiglotticus

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the oblique arytenoids to the aryepiglottic folds

function - closes the aryepiglottic folds

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

62
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid (G. krikos, a ring)

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid

function - closes the glottis (adducts the vocal folds)

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

63
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

function - opens the glottis (abducts the vocal folds)

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

64
Q

Cricothyroid

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the anterolateral external aspect of the cricoid cartilage to the lower border of the thyroid cartilage & inferior cornu

function - tenses the vocal folds

innervation - external laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior thyroid a.

65
Q

Interarytenoids (transverse & oblique)

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from arytenoid to arytenoid

function - closes glottis & assists in closing aryepiglottic folds

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

66
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the lower half of the thyroid angle to the anterolateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage

function - closes glottis or slackens vocal folds

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

67
Q

Thyroepiglotticus

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the thyroid angle to the epiglottic margin

function - widens glottis

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

68
Q

Vocalis

A

Muscle of the larynx

attachments - from the thyroid angle to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

function - slackens tensed vocal ligaments for changes in pitch

innervation - recurrent laryngeal n.

blood supply - superior & inferior laryngeal a.

69
Q

Stapedius

A

Muscle of the middle ear

attachments - from posterior wall (pyramidal eminence) of tympanic cavity to neck of stapes

function - dampens vibrations of the stapes

innervation - facial n.

blood supply - posterior auricular, anterior tympanic & middle meningeal a.

70
Q

Tensor tympani

A

Muscle of the middle ear

attachments - from pharyngotympanic tube to handle of malleus

function - dampens movement of the malleus

innervation - nerve to the medial pterygoid, mandibular n.

blood supply - superior tympanic branch of middle meningeal a.

Human Body Unit III (6 decks)

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