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Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

How many muscles are in the human body ?

A

640

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2
Q

What links muscles to the bone/ skeleton?

A

Tendons

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3
Q

What are the three types of muscle ?

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Features of skeletal muscles

A

Under conscious control
Fatigued by lactic acid

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5
Q

Features of cardiac muscles

A

Found in the walls of the heart
Involuntary
Work continuously and tirelessly
Not fatigued
blood supplied to heart by coronary arteries

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6
Q

Features of smooth muscles

A

Involuntary
Found in the walls of the digestive system and blood vessels
Helps to regulate digestion
Helps to regulate blood pressure

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7
Q

Quadriceps are made up of four muscles which are ?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

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8
Q

The hamstring is made up of three muscles which are?

A

Bicep femoris
Semi tendinosus
Semi memberosous

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9
Q

Muscles found at the shoulder

A

Deltoid
Pectorals
Trapezius
Latissimus Doris

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10
Q

Muscles found at the elbow

A

Bicep
Tricep

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11
Q

Muscles found at the spine/ abdomen

A

Obliques
Erector spinae group

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12
Q

Muscles found at the wrist/ lower arm

A

Wrist flexor
Wrist extensor
Pronators
Supinators

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13
Q

Muscles found at the hip

A

Hip flexors
Gluteals

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14
Q

Muscles found at the knee

A

Hamstrings
Quadriceps

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15
Q

Muscles found at the ankle

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior

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16
Q

Skeletal muscles use in sport

A

Help provide movement generate force necessary
Posture and stability core muscles such as abdominals

17
Q

Cardiac muscles use in sport

A

Allows the heart to pump blood delivering oxygen and nutrients to muscles and also organs in the body

Increase heart rate and stroke volume

18
Q

Smooth muscles use in sport

A

Regulated blood flow lines the blood vessels

Controls the movement of foot and the absorption of nutrients

19
Q

Fixator muscle

A

Stops any unwanted movement
Contracts to keep joint stable

Stabilised origin to ensure the agonist has something solid to pull against
These muscles perform sometric contractions

20
Q

Synergist muscle

A

Works with the agonist to help the movement control and direction of the pull/ moment

21
Q

When do skeletal muscles contract ?

A

When a nerve impulse is sent to the muscle.

22
Q

What does an agonist muscle do?

A

Shortens under tension to produce movement this muscle contracts.

23
Q

What does the Antagonist muscle

A

This muscle lengthens to allow the agonist muscle to produce the movement this muscle usually relaxes

24
Q

Isotonic muscle contraction

A

Muscle contacts and movement can be seen

Occur when the muscle shortens and always happens in the agonist muscles

25
Q

Eccentric muscle contraction

A

Seen in the downwards phase of a movement

Muscle contracts and lengthens

26
Q

Concentric contractions

A

Muscle contracts and shortens

27
Q

Isometric muscle contraction

A

There is no movement and a position is held such as a wall sit or a plank

28
Q

All or nothing law

A

Within a motor unit all muscle fibres contracts or none of them do.

Muscle fibres within the unit all contract maximally.

29
Q

To lift a heavier weight you have to

A

Recruit more motor units

30
Q

Six acute ( immediate) muscular responses to a single exercise session

A

Increase blood supply to muscles
Increased temperature
Increased pliability
Micro tears
Increased lactic acid
DOMS

31
Q

Why do muscles need more blood when we exercise?

A

To produce energy they use this energy to contract.

32
Q

Flip rule

A

If a weight is involved the agonist flips

Example bicep curl: bicep is the agonist in the upwards and downwards phase.

33
Q

Why do our muscles get hot when we exercise?

A

When muscles respire they produce heat.

34
Q

Response to a single high intensity resistance exercise session.

A

Lactic acid
DOMS
micro tears

35
Q

Response of the muscles to a single exercise session/ warm up

A

Increased blood flow
Increased temperature
Increased muscle pliability

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