Muscles Flashcards
How many muscles are in the human body ?
640
What links muscles to the bone/ skeleton?
Tendons
What are the three types of muscle ?
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Features of skeletal muscles
Under conscious control
Fatigued by lactic acid
Features of cardiac muscles
Found in the walls of the heart
Involuntary
Work continuously and tirelessly
Not fatigued
blood supplied to heart by coronary arteries
Features of smooth muscles
Involuntary
Found in the walls of the digestive system and blood vessels
Helps to regulate digestion
Helps to regulate blood pressure
Quadriceps are made up of four muscles which are ?
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
The hamstring is made up of three muscles which are?
Bicep femoris
Semi tendinosus
Semi memberosous
Muscles found at the shoulder
Deltoid
Pectorals
Trapezius
Latissimus Doris
Muscles found at the elbow
Bicep
Tricep
Muscles found at the spine/ abdomen
Obliques
Erector spinae group
Muscles found at the wrist/ lower arm
Wrist flexor
Wrist extensor
Pronators
Supinators
Muscles found at the hip
Hip flexors
Gluteals
Muscles found at the knee
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Muscles found at the ankle
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Skeletal muscles use in sport
Help provide movement generate force necessary
Posture and stability core muscles such as abdominals
Cardiac muscles use in sport
Allows the heart to pump blood delivering oxygen and nutrients to muscles and also organs in the body
Increase heart rate and stroke volume
Smooth muscles use in sport
Regulated blood flow lines the blood vessels
Controls the movement of foot and the absorption of nutrients
Fixator muscle
Stops any unwanted movement
Contracts to keep joint stable
Stabilised origin to ensure the agonist has something solid to pull against
These muscles perform sometric contractions
Synergist muscle
Works with the agonist to help the movement control and direction of the pull/ moment
When do skeletal muscles contract ?
When a nerve impulse is sent to the muscle.
What does an agonist muscle do?
Shortens under tension to produce movement this muscle contracts.
What does the Antagonist muscle
This muscle lengthens to allow the agonist muscle to produce the movement this muscle usually relaxes
Isotonic muscle contraction
Muscle contacts and movement can be seen
Occur when the muscle shortens and always happens in the agonist muscles
Eccentric muscle contraction
Seen in the downwards phase of a movement
Muscle contracts and lengthens
Concentric contractions
Muscle contracts and shortens
Isometric muscle contraction
There is no movement and a position is held such as a wall sit or a plank
All or nothing law
Within a motor unit all muscle fibres contracts or none of them do.
Muscle fibres within the unit all contract maximally.
To lift a heavier weight you have to
Recruit more motor units
Six acute ( immediate) muscular responses to a single exercise session
Increase blood supply to muscles
Increased temperature
Increased pliability
Micro tears
Increased lactic acid
DOMS
Why do muscles need more blood when we exercise?
To produce energy they use this energy to contract.
Flip rule
If a weight is involved the agonist flips
Example bicep curl: bicep is the agonist in the upwards and downwards phase.
Why do our muscles get hot when we exercise?
When muscles respire they produce heat.
Response to a single high intensity resistance exercise session.
Lactic acid
DOMS
micro tears
Response of the muscles to a single exercise session/ warm up
Increased blood flow
Increased temperature
Increased muscle pliability
