Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Found only in wall of the heart, involuntary, non fatiguing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary, enables vasodilation and vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

voluntary, fatiguing, enables movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an agonist?

A

The muscle directly responsible for movement at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

The muscle that relaxes in opposition to the agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a synergist?

A

muscles that work together to enable the agonists to operate more effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a fixator?

A

Stabilises the agonist allowing it to pull effectively against the bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an isometric contraction? Give an example

A

When the length of a muscle stays the same under tension- plank, handstand, scrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an eccentric contraction? Give an example

A

When a muscle lengthens under tension- Bicep curl downward phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a concentric contraction? Give an example

A

When a muscle shortens under tension- Bicep curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the law about muscle contraction?

A

the all or none law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the all or none law

A

All muscle fibre types within a motor unit will contract if the impulse is strong enough. None will contract if the impulse isn’t strong enough to activate at least one motor unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three muscle fibre types?

A

Type 1, type 11a, type 11x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give features of type 1

A

Slow oxidative, slow fatiguing, less power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give features of type 11a

A

Fast oxidative glycolytive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give features of type 11x

A

fast glycolytic, fast fatiguing, power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the example of type 1 how can you remember?

A

Mo farah marathon- 1=stick skinny as aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the example of type 11a

A

400m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the example of type 11x

A

100m Usain bolt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the responses of the muscular system to exercise?

A

DOMS, microtears, lactate, increased blood supply, muscle temp, muscle pliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is lactate

A

Lactic acid causes an uncomfortable sensation in your muscles. The build up of lactic acid will result in rapid fatigue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are microtears?

A

When muscles are under stress you get micro tears. When the microtears repair the muscles will be stronger than before.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the adaptations of the muscular system to exercise?

A

Hypertrophy, Increased: tendon strength, myoglobin stores, storage of glycogen, tolerance to lactate, storage of fat, number and size of mitochondria

24
Q

What is hypertrophy

A

Increase in muscle size and strength

25
Q

what is are the effects of increased myoglobin

A

Myoglobin transports O2 to the mitochondria which then release energy. exercise increases myoglobin stores. The more myoglobin = the more energy therefor improved performance.

26
Q

What is increased tolerance to lactate

A

The muscles become better at tolerating lactic acid.

27
Q

What are the two additional factors affecting the muscles

A

Cramp & age

28
Q

What is cramp?

A

An involuntary muscle contraction

29
Q

What is a common cause of cramp? And how can you prevent it?

A

Dehydration. Think of Mol’s not having enough water. She should’ve drunk lots of fluid before the match.

30
Q

What is responsible for flexion at the shoulder?

A

Anterior deltoid

31
Q

What is responsible for Adduction at the shulder

A

Middle deltoid

32
Q

What is responsible for flexion at the elbow

A

Bicep brachii

33
Q

What is responsible for extension at the elbow

A

Tricep brachii

34
Q

What is responsible for flexion at the wrist

A

Wrist flexors

35
Q

What is responsible for extension at the wrist

A

Wrist extensors

36
Q

What is responsible for supination at the fore arm

A

Supinators

37
Q

what is responsible for pronation at forearm

A

Pronators

38
Q

What is responsible for horizontal extension

A

Trapezius

39
Q

What is responsible for flexion of the spine

A

Abdominals (erector spinae)

40
Q

What is responsible for extension of the spine

A

Erector spinae

41
Q

What is responsible for lateral flexion of the spine

A

Obliques

42
Q

What is responsible for extension of the knee

A

Quadriceps

43
Q

What is responsible for the extension of the knee

A

Hamstrings

44
Q

What is responsible for plantarflexion

A

Gastrocnemius/soleus

45
Q

What is responsible for dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

46
Q

What is flexion

A

Reducing angle

47
Q

What is extension

A

Increase of angle

48
Q

What is plantarflexion

A

Pointing toes

49
Q

What is dorsiflexion

A

Toes pulled up close to the leg

50
Q

What is abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body

51
Q

What is adduction

A

Returning to the midline of the body

52
Q

What is horizontal abduction & adduction

A

Side to side e.g. tennis serve across the body

53
Q

What is horizontal flexion

A

Same as horizontal adduction except elbows face out to the side forcing the palms down.

54
Q

What is horizontal extension

A

Similar to horizontal abduction however the elbow is turned out

55
Q

What is hyperextension

A

Neck moves further away from the chest

56
Q

What is lateral flexion

A

Moving neck and back sideways

57
Q
A

Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions