Muscles Flashcards
What makes a muscle a muscle ?
Contract, excitability (they have their own electrical current), extensibility (extends without snapping), elasticity - (returning to original form)
How many skeletal muscles are there in the body?
640
What are the cells called that the muscles are made up from?
Miocytes
What types of muscles are there ?
Smooth muscles - non striated
Skeletal muscles - striated
Cardiac muscles
Describe the formation of a skeletal muscle
the muscles is surrounded by epimysium
Within the muscle there are connective tissues called perimysium
One tube of the perimysium is a fascicle
Inside the fascicle there is endomysium which is the cluster of cells within
One of these cells is called a myofibre which is a long cell and lots of nucleus. Within the myofibre there are long tubes called myofibril which contain the actin and myosin filaments. These are the bits that pull together and make the muscles move (actin)
What is hypertrophy ? And how do you make hypertrophy take place ?
Muscles growth happens from
Calcium - muscles contraction
Magnesium- muscle relaxation
Sodium and potassium- electrical impulses
Iron- oxygen in the blood
Myoglobin- stores oxygen
Hormones that are responsible for hypertrophy are:
GH GROWTH HORMONE
TESTOSTERONE
THYROID HORMONE
What is aerobic respiration? And what is anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is when oxygen is present
oxygen + glucose > carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Anaerobic respiration is when oxygen is not present
glucose > lactic acid + ATP
