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Lower Limb structure and function > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

List these things about the Psoas major:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Psoas Major:
Psoas Major makes up the iliopsoas muscle
Originates from transverse process of L1- L5& Vertebral bodies of T12- L5 Vertebrae $ adjacent inter vertebral discs.
Insertion- into the lesser trochanter of the femur same as iliacus muscle.
Action- Flexion at the hip.

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2
Q

List these things about the Illiacus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

illiacus:
iliacus makes up the iliopsoas muscle. This muscle fills the illiac fossa.
Originates from the iliac fossa and anterior inferior iliac spine.
Insertion- into the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Action- Flexion at the hip

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3
Q

List these things about the Sartorius:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve Supply

A

Sartorius:
The sartorius muscle is a thin, long, superficial muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh. (goes from hip to the medial side of knee).
Originates from the iliac crest to the iliac spine so it originates from the superior anterior portion of the iliac spine.
Insertion- Inserts to the medial surface of the tibial tuberosity.
Action- Flexes at the hip, Flexes the knee lateral and external rotation.
Nerve Supply- Femoral (L2 3 4)

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4
Q

List these things about the Tensor fasciae latae:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Tensor fasciae latae:
TFL connects to the IT band (iliotibial tract) by the aponeurosis. Aponeurosis is a
thin sheath of connective tissue.
Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior aspect of the iliac crest.
Insertion- inserts to the iliotibial tract (IT) then it inserts to the iliotibial tubercle
Action- Flexion at the hip medial and internal rotation, TFL tenses the illiotibial band.

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5
Q

What are the 4 quadriceps muscles?
What is the nerve supply for all 4 muscles?

A

Rectus Femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Nerve Supply- Femoral (L2 3 4)

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6
Q

List these things about the
Rectus Femoris:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Rectus Femoris:
There are 2 heads of the rectus femoris.
Direct head originates from anterior aspect of the inferior iliac spine.
Indirect head originates from the acetabular ridge.
Originates from anterior inferior iliac spine.
Insertion- Inserts to the patella ligament which inserts on to the tibial tuberosity.
Action: Flexes thigh at hip and extends knee.

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7
Q

List these things about the
Vastus Medialis:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Vastus Medialis:
Located underneath the sartorius and it is next to the rectus femoris.
Originates from the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line & spiral line.
Originates from the medial lip of the linea aspera & the proximal part of the medial supracondylar line also originates from the femur.
Insertion- inserts to the medial border of the patella.
Action: Extends the knee.

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8
Q

List these things about the
Vastus Lateralis:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Vastus Lateralis:
Located on the lateral side of the thigh.
Originates from the greater trochanter & intertrochanteric line.
Originates from the gluteal tuberosity & lateral aspect of the linea aspera and lateral intermuscular septum of the thigh.
Insertion- Lateral aspect of the patella.
Action- Extends the knee

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9
Q

List these things about the
Vastus Intermedius:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Vastus Intermedius:
Located beneath the rectus femoris centrally on the anterior compartment.
Originates from the anterior and lateral surface of femur.
Insertion- Inserts to the patella.
Action- Extends the knee

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10
Q

List the 8 gluteal region muscles.

A

Gluteal Maximus
Gluteal Medius
Gluteal Minimus
Piriformis
Superior Gemellus
Obturator Internus
Inferior Gemellus
Quadratus Femoris

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11
Q

List these things about the
Gluteal Maximus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Gluteal Maximus:
Gluteal maximus is superior covering the gluteal medius and gluteal minimus.
Originates from gluteal surface of ilium (behind the posterior gluteal line).
Originates from the coccyx , sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium and posterior gluteal line.
Originates from the sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion- Inserts into the iliotibial Tract (IT)
Action- Extension at hip and
Lateral rotation at hip

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12
Q

List these things about the
Gluteal Medius:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Gluteal Medius:
It is under the gluteal maximus.
originates from the posterior surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
Insertion- Inserts to the greater trochanter of femur (lateral and superoposterior facet.
Action-Abduction of hip

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13
Q

List these things about the
Gluteal Minimus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Gluteal Minimus:
Found under the gluteal medius.
Originates from area in between the anterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line of Gluteal surface ilium, under gluteus medius.
Originates from the ilium of the hip between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
Insertion- Inserts under greater trochanter of the femur specifically the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter.
Action-Abduction of hip

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14
Q

List these things about the
Piriformis:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Piriformis:
Found behind the hip then through connecting to the sacrum.
Originates from anterior surface of the sacrum between S2 to S4.
Another origin is the gluteal surface of the ilium next to the posterior inferior iliac spine.
Insertion- Inserts to the greater trochanter of femur medial side of superior aspect.
Action:Lateral/external rotation of the hip

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15
Q

List these things about the
Superior Gemellus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Superior Gemellus:
Located below the piriformis.
Originates from ischial spine.
Insertion-Medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur.
Action-Lateral/external rotation of the hip

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16
Q

List these things about the
Obturator Internus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Obturator Internus:
Located under the superior gemellus.
Originates from inner surface of obturator membrane.
Insertion- Inserts to the greater trochanter of femur.
Action-Lateral/external rotation of the hip

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17
Q

List these things about the
Inferior Gemellus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Inferior Gemellus:
Located below the obturator internus.
Originates from ischial tuberosity.
Insertion- medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur.
Action-Lateral/external rotation of the hip

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18
Q

List these things about the
Quadratus Femoris:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Quadratus Femoris:
Located below the inferior gemellus.
Originates from the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion-inserts to the posterior side of the head of the femur: the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest
Action-Lateral/external rotation of the hip

19
Q

List the 3 hamstrings

A

BICEPS FEMORIS (short & long head)
SEMITENDINOSUS
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

20
Q

List these things about the
Biceps Femoris:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply

A

Biceps Femoris:
There is a short and long head.
Long head originates from the ischia tuberosity.
Short head originates from the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line on the femur.
Insertion for both- Inserts to the lateral head of fibula
Action-Extension at hip (long head only)
Flexion at knee
Nerve supply-
Long head- Tibial portion (L5, S1 2) Short head- Common peroneal Portion (L5,S1 2)

21
Q

List these things about the
Semitendinosus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply

A

Semitendinosus:
Semitendinosus sits on top of the semimembranosus.
Originates from the ischial tuberosity.
Insertion- Inserts to the medial surface of superior tibia.
Action-Extension at hip and Flexion at knee
Nerve supply- Sciatic (L4 5, S1 2 3)

22
Q

List these things about the
Semimembranosus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply

A

Semimembranosus:
The Semitendinosus sits on top of the semimembranosus.
Originates from ischial tibersosity.
insertion- To the medial condyle of the tibia.
Action-Extension at hip and
Flexion at knee
Nerve supply- Sciatic (L4 5, S1 2 3)

23
Q

List all the muscles in the medial region. (5)

A

Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Pectineus

24
Q

List these things about the
Adductor Magnus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply (2)

A

Adductor Magnus:
Adductor part originates from inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus.
Hamstring part originates from Ischial tuberosity.
Adductor part insertion- Inserts to the Linea aspera & medial supracondylar line.
Hamstring part insertion- inserts to the adductor tubercle of femur.
Action- Adduction of thigh
Nerve supply- Obtrutor (L4 5, S1 2 3)
Sciatic (L4 5, S1 2 3)

25
Q

List these things about the
Adductor Brevis:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Adductor Brevis:
Originates from body of the pubis and inferior pubis ramus.
Insertion- Inserts to the upper third of the linea aspera and pectineal line of the femur.
Action- Adduction of thigh

26
Q

List these things about the
Gracilis:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Gracilis:
Originates from the ischiopubic ramus.
Insertion- inserts to the medial tibia at the Pes anserinus.
Action-Adduction of thigh,
Flexion at knee and
Medial/internal rotation at tibia

27
Q

List these things about the
Adductor Longus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Adductor Longus:
Originates from the body of the pubis.
Insertion- Inserts to the middle third of the linea aspera (medial lip)
Action-Adduction of thigh

28
Q

List these things about the
Pectineus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Pectineus:
Originates from the pectineal line of the pubic bone.
Insertion- inserts into the pectineal line of the femur.
Action-Flexion at hip

29
Q

List the muscles in the leg. (4)

A

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

PERONEUS BREVIS

PERONEUS LONGUS

30
Q

List these things about the
Tibialis Anterior:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Tibialis Anterior:
originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia & the proximal two thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia.
Originates from the interosseous membrane.
Insertion- Inserts to the medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metartarsal
Action-Dorsiflexion at ankle and
Inversion at ankle

31
Q

List these things about the
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus:
originates lateral condyle of tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane.
Insertion- inserts to the middle and distal phalanx of 2nd and 5th toe. Also the 5th metartarsal bone.
Action-Extends digits,Dorsiflexion at ankle and
Inversion at ankle

32
Q

List these things about the
Peroneus Brevis :
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Peroneus Brevis :
Originates from the inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg.
Insertion- Inserts to the 5th metartarsal base.
Action-Eversion at ankle

33
Q

List these things about the
Peroneus Longus :
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Peroneus Longus :
originates from the fibula.
Insertion- Inserts medial cuneiform bone, metatarsal bone 1
Action-Eversion at ankle

34
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior aspect deep and superficial?

A

GASTROCNEMIUS

PLANTARIS

SOLEUS

POPLITEUS

FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

35
Q

List these things about the
Gastrocnemius :
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply

A

Gastrocnemius :
Medial head originates from medial condyle of femur and lateral head originates from the lateral condyle of femur.
originates from popliteal surface of femur.
Insertion- Inserts to the posterior surface of the calcaneal by the calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon).
Action-Plantarflexion at ankle and Flexion at knee
Nerve supply- Tibial (S1 2)

36
Q

List these things about the
Plantaris :
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Plantaris :
Plantaris is located between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.
Originates from the lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion- Inserts to the posterior surface of the calcaneous.
Action-Flexion at knee and
Plantarflexion at ankle

37
Q

List these things about the
Soleus :
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Soleus :
Originates the head of the fibula, posterior surface of fibula , soleal line & medial border of tibia.
Insertion- Posterior surface of the calcaneus by the achilles tendon.
Action-Plantarflexion at ankle

38
Q

List these things about the
Popliteus :
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve Supply

A

Popliteus :
Originates from the lateral femoral condyle, originates from the head of the fibula by the popliteofibular ligament, originates from the fibrous capsule of the knee joint and the lateral meniscus of the knee.
Insertion- inserts to thePosterior surface of the tibia, proximal to soleal line.
Action-Flexion at knee
Nerve supply- Tibial (L4 5, S1 2 3)

39
Q

List these things about the
Flexor hallucis Longus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Flexor hallucis Longus:
Originates from the inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula.
Insertion- Inserts to the plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of the hallux.
Action-Flexes hallux

40
Q

List these things about the
tibialis posterior:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

tibialis posterior:
Originates from the posterior surfaces of the tibia & fibula and originates from the interosseous membrane.
Insertion- inserts to the tuberosity of navicular bone, medial cuneiform bone, intermediate cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone, base of 2nd/3rd and 4th metartarsal bone.
Action-Plantarflexion at ankle and Inversion at ankle

41
Q

List these things about the
Flexor Digitorum Longus:
What is it?
Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Flexor Digitorum Longus:
Originates from the medial part of the posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion- inserts to the bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action-Flexes digits,
Plantarflexion at ankle and
Inversion at ankle.

42
Q

What is Tom Dick And a Very Nervous Harry stand for?

A

T-Posterior Tibialis Tendon​
D-Flexor Digitorum Longus
A-Posterior Tibial Artery
a
V-Tibial Vein
N-Tibial Nerve
H-Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon

43
Q

Where are these located around Tom Dick And a Very Nervous Harry?

A

Around the medial malleous

44
Q

What does Pes anserinus attachments (SGT)​ stand for?

A

S - Sartorius​
G - Gracilis​
T - SemiTendinosus

Lower Limb structure and function (9 decks)

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