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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Trapezius

A

**O ** Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all Thoracic vertebrae

**I ** spine and acromion of scapula, lateral clavicle

**A ** Extends, elevates, rotates and retracts (EERR) scapula; secondary: extends head

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2
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Latissimus dorsi

A

**O ** Via thoracolumbar fascia, the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest

**I ** intertubercular sulcus of humerus

A Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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3
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Serratus anterior

A

O Ribs 1-8

**I ** anterior of medial border of scapula

**A ** Protracts and rotates scapula superiorly and laterally (“boxer’s muscle”)

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4
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Pectoralis minor

A

O ribs 3,4,5

**I ** coracoid process of scapula

A Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

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5
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Rhomboids (major and minor)

A

O spinous process of C7-T5

**I ** medial border of scapula

**A ** Stabilize scapula

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6
Q

Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

Costals

A

External intercostals
A raises ribs for inspiration
Internal intercostals
A Depresses ribs for forced expiration

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7
Q

Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

Diaphragm

A

N Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: “ C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive”)

  • *O** cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae
  • *I** central tendon
  • *A ** Prime muscle of inspiration (flattens on contraction)
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8
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Supraspinatus

A

O supraspinous fossa of scapula
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Abducts and stabilizes humerus

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9
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Infraspinatus

A

O infraspinous fossa
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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10
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Subscapularis

A

O subscapular fossa of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A medial rotation of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

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11
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Teres Major

A

O Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A synergist to latissimus dorsi (extends, adducts and medially rotates arm)

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12
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus)

A

O lateral border of scapula
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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13
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Pectoralis major

A

O clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm

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14
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

** Deltoid**

A

O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A Abducts arm

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15
Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Biceps brachii

A

O coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
I radial tuberosity
A Flexes elbow, supinates forearm;

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16
Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Brachialis

A

O distal anterior humerus
I coronoid process of ulna
A Flexes forearm

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17
Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Triceps brachii

A

O Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior humerus
I olecranon process of the ulna
A Extends forearm

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18
Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Brachioradialis

A

O lateral supracondylar ridge
I styloid process of radius
A Flexes forearm

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19
Q

Muscles of the Forearm:

Pronator teres

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I lateral radius
A Pronates and flexes forearm

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20
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A Flexes wrist; abducts hand

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21
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Palmaris longus

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I palmar aponeurosis
A Tenses skin and fascia of palm; weak flexor of wrist

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22
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I Pisiform and hamate and fith metacarpal
A flexes wrist, adducts hand

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23
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor carpi radialis

A

O Lateral supracondylar ridge and epicondyle of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
A Extends and abducts wrist

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24
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor digitorum

A

O lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A Extends fingers and wrist, abducts fingers

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25
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

extensor “digiti” minimi

A

A extends 5th digit

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26
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

O lateral epicondyle of humerus
I 5th metacarpal
A Extends and adducts wrist

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27
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Abductor pollicis longus

A

A Abducts and extends thumb

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28
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

A Extends thumb

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29
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor pollicis longus

A

A extends thumb

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30
Q

Eye- 6 extrinsic eye muscles (move eyeball)

A
  • *Superior rectus**
  • Rotates eyeball superiorly and medially (elevates and adducts)
  • *Inferior rectus**
  • Rotates eyeball inferiorly and medially (depresses and adducts)
  • *Medial rectus**
  • Rotates eyeball medially (adducts)
  • *Lateral rectus**
  • Rotates eyeball laterally (abducts)
  • *Superior oblique**
  • Rotates eyeball inferiorly and laterally (depresses and abducts)
  • *Inferior oblique**
  • Rotates eyeball superiorly and laterally (elevates and abducts)
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31
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Rectus abdominis

A

O pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
A Flexes and rotates trunk

32
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

External oblique

A

O lower 8 ribs
I linea alba and pubic crest and iliac crest
A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion

33
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Internal oblique

A

O Lumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest
I lower 4 ribs; linea alba; pubic crest
A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion

34
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Transversus abdominis

A

O iliac crest, cartilages of lower 6 ribs
I linea alba and pubic crest
A Compresses abdominal contents

35
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall

Linea alba

A

not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; “white line”

36
Q

Muscles of Mastication

Temporalis

A

closes jaw

37
Q

Muscles of Mastication

Masseter

A

O zygomatic arch
I angle and ramus of mandible
A Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible

38
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Epicranius

A

Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica

(an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)

39
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Frontal belly
&

Occipital belly

A

Frontal belly
A raises eyebrows

Occipital belly
A Pulls scalp posteriorly

40
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Zygomaticus (major and minor)

A

A raises corners of mouth, smiling muscle

41
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Levator labii superioris

A

A raises upper lip

42
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Risorius

A

A Draws corner of lip laterally; synergist to zygomaticus

43
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Orbicularis oculi

A

A Closes eye

44
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Orbicularis oris

A

A Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle

45
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

Buccinator

A

A Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)

46
Q

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing

Sternohyoid

A

O manubrium and clavicle
I hyoid bone
A Depresses hyoid and larynx

47
Q

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing

Sternothyroid

A

O manubrium
I thyroid cartilage
A Pulls larynx and hyoid bone inferiorly (depresses)

48
Q

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing

Thyrohyoid

A

O thyroid cartilage
I hyoid
A Depresses hyoid or elevates larynx

49
Q

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing

Digastric “two bellies”

A

O Mandible and mastoid process
I By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
A Open mouth and depress mandible

50
Q

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing

Mylohyoid

A

O Mandible
I Hyoid
A Elevates hyoid

51
Q

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O manubrium of sternum, clavicle
I mastoid process
A Singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head

52
Q

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column

Erector Spinae- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles

A

A Prime mover of back extension

53
Q

** Iliopsoas**

A

Psoas Major

O lumbar vertebrae
I lesser trochanter of the femur
A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk

Iliacus

O Iliac fossa
I lesser trochanter of the femur
A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk

54
Q

Sartorius

A

O anterior superior iliac spine
I tibia
A Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee

55
Q

Adductor longus

A

O pubis near pubic symphysis
I linea aspera
A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

56
Q

Adductor magnus

A

O ischium and pubis
I linea aspera of femur
A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

57
Q

Pectineus

A

O pubis
I posterior femur
A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

58
Q

Gracilis

A

O pubis
I medial tibia
A flexes knee and adducts and medial rotates thigh

59
Q

Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name

Rectus femoris

A

O anterior inferior iliac spine
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

60
Q

Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name

Vastus lateralis

A

O Greater trochanter
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee

61
Q

Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name

Vastus medialis

A

O linea aspera
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee

62
Q

Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name

Vastus intermedius

A

O proximal femur
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee

63
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

O iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
I iliotibial tract-The fascia lata that ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh
A Steadies trunk on thigh

64
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

O ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I gluteal tuberosity of femur
A Major extensor of thigh

65
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O ilium
I greater trochanter of the femur
A Abduction and medial thigh rotation

66
Q

Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings.

Semimembranosus

A

O ischial tuberosity
I medial condyle of tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee

67
Q

Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings.

Semitendinosus

A

O ischial tuberosity
I medial aspect of proximal tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee

68
Q

Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings.

Biceps femoris

A

O ischial tuberosity and femur
I fibula and tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee

69
Q

Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe:

Gastrocnemius

A

O both condyles of femur
I via achilles tendon onto calcaneus
A plantarflexes foot; flexes lower leg

70
Q

Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe:

Soleus

A

O head of fibula and tibia
I calcaneal tendon onto calcaneous
A plantarflexes foot

71
Q

Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe:

Tibialis anterior

A

O lateral condyle and tibial shaft
I first metatarsals and medial cuneiform
A Prime mover of dorsiflexion

72
Q

Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe:

Fibularis longus

A

O head of fibula
I First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A Plantarflexion and foot eversion

73
Q

Flexor & Extensor Retinaculum

A

connective tissue straps around wrist to keep tendons from bulging outward when muscles contract.

74
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q
A

Anatomy (6 decks)

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