Muscles Flashcards by Matt Williams

Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Trapezius

A

**O ** Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all Thoracic vertebrae

**I ** spine and acromion of scapula, lateral clavicle

**A ** Extends, elevates, rotates and retracts (EERR) scapula; secondary: extends head

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Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Latissimus dorsi

A

**O ** Via thoracolumbar fascia, the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest

**I ** intertubercular sulcus of humerus

A Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Serratus anterior

A

O Ribs 1-8

**I ** anterior of medial border of scapula

**A ** Protracts and rotates scapula superiorly and laterally (“boxer’s muscle”)

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Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Pectoralis minor

A

O ribs 3,4,5

**I ** coracoid process of scapula

A Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

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Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

Rhomboids (major and minor)

A

O spinous process of C7-T5

**I ** medial border of scapula

**A ** Stabilize scapula

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Q

Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

Costals

A

External intercostals
A raises ribs for inspiration
Internal intercostals
A Depresses ribs for forced expiration

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Q

Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

Diaphragm

A

N Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: “ C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive”)

*O** cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae
*I** central tendon
*A ** Prime muscle of inspiration (flattens on contraction)

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Supraspinatus

A

O supraspinous fossa of scapula
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Abducts and stabilizes humerus

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Infraspinatus

A

O infraspinous fossa
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Subscapularis

A

O subscapular fossa of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A medial rotation of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Teres Major

A

O Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A synergist to latissimus dorsi (extends, adducts and medially rotates arm)

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus)

A

O lateral border of scapula
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

Pectoralis major

A

O clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm

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Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

** Deltoid**

A

O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A Abducts arm

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Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Biceps brachii

A

O coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
I radial tuberosity
A Flexes elbow, supinates forearm;

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Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Brachialis

A

O distal anterior humerus
I coronoid process of ulna
A Flexes forearm

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Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Triceps brachii

A

O Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior humerus
I olecranon process of the ulna
A Extends forearm

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Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

Brachioradialis

A

O lateral supracondylar ridge
I styloid process of radius
A Flexes forearm

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Q

Muscles of the Forearm:

Pronator teres

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I lateral radius
A Pronates and flexes forearm

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Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A Flexes wrist; abducts hand

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Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Palmaris longus

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I palmar aponeurosis
A Tenses skin and fascia of palm; weak flexor of wrist

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Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I Pisiform and hamate and fith metacarpal
A flexes wrist, adducts hand

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Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor carpi radialis

A

O Lateral supracondylar ridge and epicondyle of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
A Extends and abducts wrist

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Q

Muscles of the Forearm

Extensor digitorum

A

O lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A Extends fingers and wrist, abducts fingers

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# Muscles of the Forearm **extensor “digiti” minimi**

A extends 5th digit

# Muscles of the Forearm **Extensor carpi ulnaris**

O lateral epicondyle of humerus I 5th metacarpal A Extends and adducts wrist

# Muscles of the Forearm **Abductor pollicis longus**

A Abducts and extends thumb

# Muscles of the Forearm **Extensor pollicis brevis**

A Extends thumb

# Muscles of the Forearm **Extensor pollicis longus**

A extends thumb

**Eye- 6 extrinsic eye muscles (move eyeball)**

* *Superior rectus** - Rotates eyeball superiorly and medially (elevates and adducts) * *Inferior rectus** - Rotates eyeball inferiorly and medially (depresses and adducts) * *Medial rectus** - Rotates eyeball medially (adducts) * *Lateral rectus** - Rotates eyeball laterally (abducts) * *Superior oblique** - Rotates eyeball inferiorly and laterally (depresses and abducts) * *Inferior oblique** - Rotates eyeball superiorly and laterally (elevates and abducts)

# Muscles of the abdominal wall **Rectus abdominis**

O pubic crest and pubic symphysis I Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process A Flexes and rotates trunk

# Muscles of the abdominal wall **External oblique**

O lower 8 ribs I linea alba and pubic crest and iliac crest A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion

# Muscles of the abdominal wall **Internal oblique**

O Lumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest I lower 4 ribs; linea alba; pubic crest A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion

# Muscles of the abdominal wall **Transversus abdominis**

O iliac crest, cartilages of lower 6 ribs I linea alba and pubic crest A Compresses abdominal contents

# Muscles of the abdominal wall **Linea alba**

not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"

# Muscles of Mastication **Temporalis**

closes jaw

# Muscles of Mastication **Masseter**

O zygomatic arch I angle and ramus of mandible A Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Epicranius**

Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by **galea aponeurotica** | (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Frontal belly &** **Occipital belly**

Frontal belly A raises eyebrows Occipital belly A Pulls scalp posteriorly

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Zygomaticus (major and minor)**

A raises corners of mouth, smiling muscle

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Levator labii superioris**

A raises upper lip

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Risorius**

A Draws corner of lip laterally; synergist to zygomaticus

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Orbicularis oculi**

A Closes eye

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Orbicularis oris**

A Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle

# Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression **Buccinator**

A Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)

# Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing **Sternohyoid**

O manubrium and clavicle I hyoid bone A Depresses hyoid and larynx

# Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing **Sternothyroid**

O manubrium I thyroid cartilage A Pulls larynx and hyoid bone inferiorly (depresses)

# Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing **Thyrohyoid**

O thyroid cartilage I hyoid A Depresses hyoid or elevates larynx

# Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing **Digastric “two bellies”**

O Mandible and mastoid process I By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone A Open mouth and depress mandible

# Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing **Mylohyoid**

O Mandible I Hyoid A Elevates hyoid

# Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column **Sternocleidomastoid**

O manubrium of sternum, clavicle I mastoid process A Singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head

# Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column **Erector Spinae**- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles

A Prime mover of back extension

** Iliopsoas**

**Psoas Major** O lumbar vertebrae I lesser trochanter of the femur A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk **Iliacus** O Iliac fossa I lesser trochanter of the femur A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk

**Sartorius**

O anterior superior iliac spine I tibia A Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee

**Adductor longus**

O pubis near pubic symphysis I linea aspera A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

**Adductor magnus**

O ischium and pubis I linea aspera of femur A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

**Pectineus**

O pubis I posterior femur A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

**Gracilis**

O pubis I medial tibia A flexes knee and adducts and medial rotates thigh

# Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name **Rectus femoris**

O anterior inferior iliac spine I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

# Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name **Vastus lateralis**

O Greater trochanter I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee

# Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name **Vastus medialis**

O linea aspera I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee

# Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name **Vastus intermedius**

O proximal femur I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee

**Tensor fasciae latae**

O iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine I **iliotibial tract**-The fascia lata that ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh A Steadies trunk on thigh

**Gluteus maximus**

O ilium, sacrum, coccyx I gluteal tuberosity of femur A Major extensor of thigh

**Gluteus medius**

O ilium I greater trochanter of the femur A Abduction and medial thigh rotation

# Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings. **Semimembranosus**

O ischial tuberosity I medial condyle of tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee

# Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings. **Semitendinosus**

O ischial tuberosity I medial aspect of proximal tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee

# Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings. **Biceps femoris**

O ischial tuberosity and femur I fibula and tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee

# Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe: **Gastrocnemius**

O both condyles of femur I via achilles tendon onto calcaneus A plantarflexes foot; flexes lower leg

# Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe: **Soleus**

O head of fibula and tibia I calcaneal tendon onto calcaneous A plantarflexes foot

# Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe: **Tibialis anterior**

O lateral condyle and tibial shaft I first metatarsals and medial cuneiform A Prime mover of dorsiflexion

# Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe: **Fibularis longus**

O head of fibula I First metatarsal and medial cuneiform A Plantarflexion and foot eversion

**Flexor & Extensor Retinaculum**

connective tissue straps around wrist to keep tendons from bulging outward when muscles contract.