Muscles Flashcards
Smooth(Visceral) muscle tissue
Involuntary motion
Located in walls of internal organs
Function is to move and control the flow of fluids
Cardiac muscle tissue (myocardium)
Involuntary control
Forms the muscular wall of the heart
The contraction& relaxation of this muscle creates heartbeat
Skeletal muscle tissue
Voluntary control
Attach to the bones of the skeleton and make body movement possible
Each muscle is wrapped on the fascia forming at the end. tendons insert on the periosteum of the bone.
Tendon
Cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the muscle, serving to attach to bone
Fiber
A muscle cell with nerves and blood supply
Sarcomere
Producing contraction unit of muscle
Adhesion
Scar tissues that forms around the muscles that makes it difficult to strengthen the muscle
Atrophy
Poor muscle development, muscle disease or lack of use
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle bulk as a result from lifting weights
Spasm
Sudden involuntary movements, isn’t painful
Cramp
A strong muscle contraction that is painful
2 thing that gets rid of cramps
Mustard and pickle juice
Fibromyalgia
Condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissues
Lateral epicondylitis(tennis elbow)
Inflammation of the muscle attached to the lateral epicondyle in the elbow
Medial epicondylitis(golfers&little leaguers elbow)
Inflammation of the muscle attachments to the medial epicondyle in the elbow
Muscular dystrophy
Inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration
Carpal tunnel syndrome (gamers)
Repetitive motion disorder with pains caused by the compression on the nerves as they pass through the wrist
Ganglion cysts
Cysts that form on the tendon sheath
Strain
Damage to the muscle, tendons and due to over use or overstreaching
Sprain
Damage to a ligament
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Is abnormal thickening if the heart muscle that causes heart problems or heart attacks
Excitation contraction coupling(1)
Action potential occurs and the signals sent through the sarcolemma into the T-tubes
Excitation contraction (2)
The action potential triggers calcium(Ca2+) release
Excitation contraction (3)
Calcium binds to troponin and moves tropomyosin in order to expose the
binding site.
Excitation contraction (4)
The myosin head attaches to the actin and pulls the actin towards the
middle of the sarcomere, causing a contraction. (fueled by ATP)
Excitation contraction (5)
Calcium is released, the myosin head detaches from the actin, & tropomyosin covers the binding site.
Excitation contraction (6)
Muscle relaxes
Dorsiflexsion
Pointing toes up (heel down, toes up)
Plantar flextion
Tippy toes
Quads(4)
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Quads
Knee extension, hip flextion
Hamstrings(3)
Bicep femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranosis
Hamstrings
Knee flexion, hip extension
Satorius
Hip flexion, laterally rotates, external rotation
Adductor magnus
Hip adduction
Gastrocnemius
Plantarflexion
Tibialis anterior
Dorsiflextion and eversion
Upper traps
Shoulder elevation
Pectoralis major
Shoulder flextion and adduction
Triceps brachii
Elbow and shoulder extension
Biceps brachii
Elbow and Shoulder flexion, supination
Deltoid(3)
Anterior, middle, posterior
Deltoid
Shoulder abduction and rotation
Abdominal
Trunk flexion and compress abdomen
