Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three types of muscle tissue, what are their appearance and which are voluntary and involuntary muscles?
A
- Skeletal - striated - voluntary
- Cardiac - stripped - involuntary
- Smooth - smooth - involuntary
2
Q
What are the 6 functions of the muscular system?
A
- Mobility
- Respiration
- Circulation
- Organ Protection
- Stability
- Temperature regulation
3
Q
What are the 5 classifications of skeletal muscles and describe them?
A
- Fusiform - Central muscle belly which converges into a tendon at one or both ends.
- Parallel - Muscle fibres that are parallel to each other.
- Pennate - Muscles attached to a central tendon which resembles a leaf or feather.
- Orbicular - A sphincter like sheet of muscle that encircles and orifice such as the eye or mouth.
- Convergent - Triangular muscle that eminent from a large area and converge onto one attachment.
4
Q
What percentage of water, salt and protein are in muscle tissue?
A
- Water - 70%
- Salt - 7%
- Protein - 23%
5
Q
Describe Type 1 and Type 2 muscle fibres.
A
- Type 1 - slow twitch - high mitochondria - high aerobically
- Type 2 - fast twitch - low mitochondria - high anaerobically
6
Q
Describe the excitation coupling process.
A
- The electrical impulse reaches the muscle fibre at the neuromuscular junction
- Next, the chemical acetylcholine (ACH) is released
- This triggers an action potential causing a cascade of
calcium ions to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum - This ultimately result in a muscle movement
7
Q
What are the 3 muscle contractions?
A
- Concentric - The muscle becomes shorter and fatter
- Isometric - The muscle stays the same length
- eccentric - The muscle becomes longer and thinner
8
Q
What are the different type of bones?
A
- Long bone
- Short bone
- Sesamoid bone
- Flat bone
- Irregular bone
9
Q
What are the different types of synovial joints?
A
- Hinge
- Ball and socket
- Pivot
- Saddle
- Condyloid
- Plane
10
Q
Name the bones in the wrist.
A
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetral
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
-Trapezoid - Capate
- Hamate
11
Q
Name the bones in the foot.
A
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Cuboid
- Navicular
- Medial, Intermedial, Lateral cuneiform
12
Q
What are the 3 planes of motions with examples?
A
- Frontal plane - Adduction
- Sagittal plane - Flexion
- Transverse plane - External rotation