Foot and Ankle Muscle Description

Question 1

What is the Gastrocnemius -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 1

• Action - Knee flexion, Ankle plantar flexion
• Origin - Medial/Lateral femoral condyles
• Insertion - Calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)
• Antagonist - Quadriceps, Tibialis anterior
• Nerve - Sciatic nerve (tibial branch)

Question 2

What is the Soleus -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 2

• Action - Ankle plantarflexion
• Origin - Upper posterior tibia and fibula
• Insertion - Calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)
• Antagonist - Tibialis anterior
• Nerve - Sciatic nerve (tibial branch)

Question 3

What is the Plantaris -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 3

• Action - Knee flexion, Ankle plantarflexion
• Origin - Lateral femoral condyle
• Insertion - Medial side of the calcaneus (not via the achilles tendon)
• Antagonist - Quadriceps, Tibialis anterior
• Nerve - Sciatic nerve (tibial branch)

Question 4

What is the Tibial posterior -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 4

• Action - Ankle plantarflexion, Ankle inversion
• Origin - Lateral posterior tibia, Upper 1/2 of fibula
• Insertion - Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiform (medial, intermedial and lateral), 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals (plantar surface), Calcaneus (plantar surface)
• Antagonist - Tibialis anterior, Peroneals
• Nerve - Sciatic nerve (tibial branch)

Question 5

What is the Tibialis anterior -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 5

• Action - Ankle dorsiflexion/inversion
• Origin - Upper 2/3 of lateral tibia
• Insertion - Medial cuneiform, Base of metatarsal of great toe
• Antagonist - Gastrocnemius, Peroneals
• Nerve - Deep peroneal nerve

Question 6

What is the Peroneus longus -

• Muscle group
• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 6

• Muscle group - Peroneals
• Action - Ankle Plantarflexion/eversion
• Origin - Upper 2/3 of lateral fibula
• Insertion - Medial cuneiform, Base of metatarsal of great toe
• Antagonist - Tibialis anterior
• Nerve - Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 7

What is the Peroneus brevis -

• Muscle group
• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 7

• Muscle group - Peroneals
• Action - Ankle Plantarflexion/eversion
• Origin - Upper 2/3 of lateral fibula
• Insertion - Base of 5th metatarsal
• Antagonist - Tibialis anterior
• Nerve - Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 8

What is the Peroneus tertius -

• Muscle group
• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 8

• Muscle group - Peroneals
• Action - Ankle dorsiflexion/eversion
• Origin - Distal anterior fibula
• Insertion - Base of 5th metatarsal (dorsal surface)
• Antagonist - Gastrocnemius
• Nerve - Deep peroneal nerve

Question 9

What is the extensor digitorium longus -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 9

• Action - Ankle dorsiflexion, 2nd-5th toe extension
• Origin - upper 2/3 of anterior fibula, Lateral tibial condyle
• Insertion - Middle and distal phalange of 2nd-5th toes (dorsal surface)
• Antagonist - Gastrocnemius, Flexor digitorium longus
• Nerve - Deep peroneal nerve

Question 10

What is the Extensor hallucis longus -

• Action
• Origin
• Insertion
• Antagonist
• Nerve

Answer 10

• Action - Ankle dorsiflexion, Great toe extension
• Origin - Mid 1/2 of anterior fibula
• Insertion - Distal phalange of great toe (dorsal surface)
• Antagonist - Gastrocnemius, Flexor hallucis longus
• Nerve - Deep peroneal nerve