Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
What are the teres major origins?
A
Inferior angle and lower third of the lateral/axillary border of the scapula
2
Q
What is the teres major insertion?
A
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
3
Q
What is the teres major innervation?
A
Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
4
Q
What is the function/action of the teres major?
A
Extension, medial rotation, adduction of humerus
5
Q
What is the origin of the teres minor?
A
Upper 2/3 of lateral/axillary border of scapula
6
Q
What is the insertion of the teres minor?
A
Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
7
Q
What is the innervation of the teres minor?
A
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
8
Q
What is the function/action of the teres minor?
A
Lateral rotation, extension of humerus
9
Q
What is the origin of the infraspinatus?
A
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
10
Q
What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
A
Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
11
Q
What is the function/action of the infraspinatus?
A
Lateral rotation, extension, scaption of humerus
12
Q
What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?
A
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
13
Q
What is the origin of the supraspinatus?
A
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
14
Q
What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?
A
Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)
15
Q
What is the action/function of the supraspinatus?
A
Abduction, scaption of humerus, stabilization of head of humerus
16
Q
What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?
A
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
17
Q
What are the serratus anterior origins?
A
Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs (by finger-like slips)
18
Q
What are the serratus anterior insertions?
A
Vertebral/medial border of scapula - anterior surface
19
Q
What is the innervation for the serratus anterior?
A
Long thoracic nerve (C5- C7)
Mnemonics: ‘SALT’ (stands for serratus anterior - long thoracic) & ‘C5, 6, 7 raise your arms to heaven!’
20
Q
What are the actions/functions of the serratus anterior?
A
Abduction (protraction), lateral (upward) rotation, depression (lower fibers), posterior tilt, external rotation of scapula, stabilizes scapula against chest wall, assists forced exhalation
21
Q
What is the origin of the subscapular muscle?
A
Subscapular fossa of scapula
22
Q
What is the insertion of the subscapular muscle?
A
Lesser tubercle of humerus
23
Q
What is the action/function of the subscapular muscle?
A
Medial rotation, adduction, scaption of humerus
24
Q
What is the innervation of the subscapular muscle?
A
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5 - C7)
25
What are the origins of the levator scapulae?
Transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4
26
What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?
Vertebral/medial border of scapula (from superior angle to root of spine)
27
What are the actions/functions of the levator scapulae?
Elevation, medial (downward) rotation of scapula
28
What are the innervations of the levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), C3, C4 spinal nerves
29
What are the origins of the rhomboid minor?
Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
30
What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?
Root of spine of scapula
31
What are the functions/actions of the rhomboid minor?
Adduction (retraction), medial (downward) rotation, elevation of scapula
32
What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
33
What is the origin of the rhomboid major?
Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5
34
What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?
Vertebral/medial border of scapula (from root of spine to inferior angle)
35
What are the functions/actions of the rhomboid major?
Adduction (retraction), medial (downward) rotation, elevation of scapula
36
What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
37
What is the origin of the upper (descending) trapezius?
External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae
38
What is the origin of the middle trapezius?
C7-T3 spinous processes
39
What is the origin of the lower (ascending) trapezius?
T4-T12 spinous processes
40
What is the insertion of the upper (descending) trapezius?
lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula
41
What is the insertion of the middle trapezius?
spine of scapula
42
What is the insertion of the lower (ascending) trapezius?
root of spine of scapula
43
What are the innervations of the trapezius?
Accessory nerve (CN 11) spinal part (motor), C3-C4 spinal nerves (sensory)
44
What are the actions/functions of the upper (descending) trapezius?
Elevation, lateral (upward) rotation of scapula
45
What is the function/action of the middle trapezius?
Adduction (retraction) of scapula
46
What is the function/action of the lower (ascending) trapezius?
Depression, lateral (upward) rotation, adduction (retraction), posterior tilt, external rotation of scapula
47
What are the origins of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
| Sternocostal head: sternum, cartilages of upper 6 ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
48
What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
Lateral lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
49
What are the actions/functions of the pectoralis major?
Adduction, horizontal adduction, medial rotation of humerus
Clavicular head: flexion of humerus
Sternocostal head: extension of humerus from a flexed position
50
What are the innervations of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular head: lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6)
| Sternocostal head: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
51
What are the origins of the pectoralis minor?
Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5, near costal cartilages
52
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?
Coracoid process of scapula (medial border of superior surface)
53
What are the actions/functions of the pectoralis minor?
Abduction (protraction), depression, medial (downward) rotation, anterior tilt of scapula, assists forced inhalation
54
What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
55
What are the origins of the deltoid?
Anterior: lateral third of clavicle
Middle: Acromion of scapula - lateral surface
Posterior: spine of scapula
56
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
57
What are the actions/functions of the deltoid?
Anterior: flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation, scaption of humerus
Middle: abduction, scaption of humerus
Posterior: extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation, scaption of humerus
58
What is the innervation of the deltoid?
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
59
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process of scapula
60
What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humeral shaft
61
What are the actions/functions of the coracobrachialis?
Flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction of humerus
62
What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
63
What are the origins of the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracolumbar aponeurosis, lower 6 thoracic spinous processes, sacrum, iliac crest of ilium, lower 3 to 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula
64
What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
Floor of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
65
What are the actions/functions of the latissimus dorsi?
Extension, medial rotation, adduction of humerus, medial (downward) rotation of scapula, assists depression of scapula
66
What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
67
What is the origin of the brachialis?
Lower half of anterior shaft of humerus
68
What are the insertions of the brachialis?
Tuberosity of ulna, coronoid process of ulna
69
What is the action/function of the brachialis?
Flexion of elbow
70
What is the innervation of the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
71
What are the origins of the biceps brachii?
Short head: coracoid process of scapula
| Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
72
What are the insertions of the biceps brachii?
Tuberosity of radius, bicipital aponeurosis
73
What are the actions/functions of the biceps brachii?
Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, flexion of humerus
74
What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
75
What are the origins of the triceps brachii?
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior humerus above spiral groove
Medial head: posterior humerus below spiral groove
76
What is the insertion of the triceps brachii?
Olecranon process of ulna
77
What are the actions/functions of the triceps brachii?
Extension of elbow
| Long head: extension of humerus
78
What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
79
What is the origin of the pronator quadratus?
Distal fourth of anterior ulna
80
What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?
Distal fourth of anterior radius
81
What is the action/function of the pronator quadratus?
Pronates forearm
82
What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
83
What are the origins of the flexor pollicis longus?
Middle of anterior radius, interosseous membrane
84
What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?
Distal phalanx of thumb
85
What is the action/function of the flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of thumb at IP joint
86
What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
87
What are the origins of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Proximal 3/4 of anterior ulna, interosseous membrane
88
What are the insertions of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Bases of distal phalanges of 4 fingers
89
What are the actions/functions of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of 4 fingers at DIP joints, assists flexion of wrist
90
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Radial 2 fingers: Median nerve (C8, T1)
| Ulnar 2 fingers: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
91
What are the origins of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, (common flexor tendon), coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: anterior oblique line of radius
92
What are the insertions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Sides of shafts of middle phalanges of 4 fingers
93
What are the actions/functions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexion of 4 fingers at PIP joints, assists flexion of wrist
94
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
95
What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
96
What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
97
What are the actions/functions of the flexor carpi radialis?
Flexion, abduction of wrist (radial deviation)
98
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve (C6, C7)
99
What are the origins of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
Ulnar head: proximal posterior ulna, olecranon process of ulna
100
What are the insertions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform carpal bone, hamate carpal bone, base of 5th metacarpal
101
What are the actions/functions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexion, adduction of wrist (ulnar deviation)
102
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
103
What is the origin of the palmaris longus?
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
104
What are the insertions of the palmaris longus?
Palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
105
What is the action/function of the palmaris longus?
Assists flexion of the wrist
106
What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?
Median nerve (C7, C8)
107
What are the origins of the pronator teres?
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
| Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
108
What is the insertion of the pronator teres?
Middle of lateral shaft of radius
109
What are the actions/functions of the pronator teres?
Pronation of forearm, assists in flexion of elbow
110
What is the innervation of the pronator teres?
Median nerve (C6, C7)
111
What are the origins of the supinator?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament of radius, radial collateral ligament, proximal ulna at supinator crest
112
What is the insertion of the supinator?
Lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius between antrerior and posterior oblique lines
113
What is the action/function of the supinator?
Supination of forearm
114
What is the innervation of the supinator?
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
115
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
116
What are the insertions of the extensor digitorum?
Extensor expansion of 4 fingers
117
What are the actions/functions of the extensor digitorum?
Extension of 4 fingers at MP joints, assists extension of wrist
118
What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?
Radial nerve (C6, C7. C8)
119
What are the origins of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
```
Humeral head: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Ulnar head (deep to humeral head): posterior proximal ulna - subcutaneous boreder
```
120
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of 5th metacarpal
121
What are the actions/functions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Extension, adduction of wrist (ulnar deviation)
122
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
123
What are the origins of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral epicondyle of humerus
124
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Base of 2nd metacarpal
125
What are the actions/functions of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Extension, abduction of wrist (radial deviation)
126
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial nerve (C6, C7)
127
What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
128
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Base of 3rd metacarpal
129
What is the action/function of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Extension of wrist
130
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Radial nerve (C6, C7)
131
What are the origins of the extensor indicis?
Posterior ulna, interosseous membrane
132
What is the insertion of the extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of index (2nd) finger
133
What are the actions/functions of the extensor indicis?
Extension of index finger at MP joint, assists extension of wrist
134
What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
135
What is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
136
What is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extensor expansion of little (5th) finger
137
What are the actions/functions of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extension of little (5th) finger at MP joint, assists extension of the wrist
138
What is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?
Radial nerve (C7, C8)
139
What is the origin of the brachioradialis?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
140
What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
Styloid process of radius
141
What is the action/function of the brachioradialis?
Flexion of elbow with forearm in mid-position (halfway between supination and pronation)
142
What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
143
What muscles make up the thenar eminence?
Adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis
144
What are the origins of the adductor pollicis?
Transverse head: anterior shaft of 3rd metacarpal
| Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate carpal bone, trapezoid carpal bone, trapezium carpal bone
145
What is the insertion of the adductor pollicis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb - medial side
146
What is the action/function of the adductor pollicis?
Adduction of thumb at CM joint
147
What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
148
What are the origins of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Flexor retinaculum, trapezium carpal bone, scaphoid carpal bone
149
What is the insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb - radial side
150
What is the action/function of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Abduction of the thumb at the CM joint
151
What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
152
What are the origins of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Superficial head: flexor retinaculum, trapezium carpal bone
| Deep head: trapezoid carpal bone, capitate carpal bone
153
What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb - radial side
154
What is the action/function of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexion of thumb at MP joint
155
What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Superficial head: median nerve (C8, T1)
| Deep head: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
156
What are the origins of the opponens pollicis?
Flexor retinaculum, trapezium carpal bone
157
What is the insertion of the opponens pollicis?
Lateral shaft of 1st metacarpal
158
What is the action/function of the opponens pollicis?
Opposition of thumb at CM joint
159
What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
160
What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?
Palmaris brevis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi
