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Applied Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the teres major origins?

A

Inferior angle and lower third of the lateral/axillary border of the scapula

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2
Q

What is the teres major insertion?

A

Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

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3
Q

What is the teres major innervation?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

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4
Q

What is the function/action of the teres major?

A

Extension, medial rotation, adduction of humerus

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5
Q

What is the origin of the teres minor?

A

Upper 2/3 of lateral/axillary border of scapula

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the teres minor?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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8
Q

What is the function/action of the teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation, extension of humerus

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9
Q

What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)

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11
Q

What is the function/action of the infraspinatus?

A

Lateral rotation, extension, scaption of humerus

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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13
Q

What is the origin of the supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)

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15
Q

What is the action/function of the supraspinatus?

A

Abduction, scaption of humerus, stabilization of head of humerus

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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17
Q

What are the serratus anterior origins?

A

Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs (by finger-like slips)

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18
Q

What are the serratus anterior insertions?

A

Vertebral/medial border of scapula - anterior surface

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19
Q

What is the innervation for the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5- C7)

Mnemonics: ‘SALT’ (stands for serratus anterior - long thoracic) & ‘C5, 6, 7 raise your arms to heaven!’

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20
Q

What are the actions/functions of the serratus anterior?

A

Abduction (protraction), lateral (upward) rotation, depression (lower fibers), posterior tilt, external rotation of scapula, stabilizes scapula against chest wall, assists forced exhalation

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21
Q

What is the origin of the subscapular muscle?

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapular muscle?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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23
Q

What is the action/function of the subscapular muscle?

A

Medial rotation, adduction, scaption of humerus

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapular muscle?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5 - C7)

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25
Q

What are the origins of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

Vertebral/medial border of scapula (from superior angle to root of spine)

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27
Q

What are the actions/functions of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation, medial (downward) rotation of scapula

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28
Q

What are the innervations of the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), C3, C4 spinal nerves

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29
Q

What are the origins of the rhomboid minor?

A

Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

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30
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?

A

Root of spine of scapula

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31
Q

What are the functions/actions of the rhomboid minor?

A

Adduction (retraction), medial (downward) rotation, elevation of scapula

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

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33
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboid major?

A

Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5

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34
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

Vertebral/medial border of scapula (from root of spine to inferior angle)

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35
Q

What are the functions/actions of the rhomboid major?

A

Adduction (retraction), medial (downward) rotation, elevation of scapula

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36
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

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37
Q

What is the origin of the upper (descending) trapezius?

A

External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae

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38
Q

What is the origin of the middle trapezius?

A

C7-T3 spinous processes

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39
Q

What is the origin of the lower (ascending) trapezius?

A

T4-T12 spinous processes

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40
Q

What is the insertion of the upper (descending) trapezius?

A

lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula

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41
Q

What is the insertion of the middle trapezius?

A

spine of scapula

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42
Q

What is the insertion of the lower (ascending) trapezius?

A

root of spine of scapula

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43
Q

What are the innervations of the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (CN 11) spinal part (motor), C3-C4 spinal nerves (sensory)

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44
Q

What are the actions/functions of the upper (descending) trapezius?

A

Elevation, lateral (upward) rotation of scapula

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45
Q

What is the function/action of the middle trapezius?

A

Adduction (retraction) of scapula

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46
Q

What is the function/action of the lower (ascending) trapezius?

A

Depression, lateral (upward) rotation, adduction (retraction), posterior tilt, external rotation of scapula

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47
Q

What are the origins of the pectoralis major?

A

Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle

Sternocostal head: sternum, cartilages of upper 6 ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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48
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

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49
Q

What are the actions/functions of the pectoralis major?

A

Adduction, horizontal adduction, medial rotation of humerus
Clavicular head: flexion of humerus
Sternocostal head: extension of humerus from a flexed position

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50
Q

What are the innervations of the pectoralis major?

A

Clavicular head: lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6)

Sternocostal head: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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51
Q

What are the origins of the pectoralis minor?

A

Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5, near costal cartilages

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52
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula (medial border of superior surface)

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53
Q

What are the actions/functions of the pectoralis minor?

A

Abduction (protraction), depression, medial (downward) rotation, anterior tilt of scapula, assists forced inhalation

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54
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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55
Q

What are the origins of the deltoid?

A

Anterior: lateral third of clavicle
Middle: Acromion of scapula - lateral surface
Posterior: spine of scapula

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56
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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57
Q

What are the actions/functions of the deltoid?

A

Anterior: flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation, scaption of humerus
Middle: abduction, scaption of humerus
Posterior: extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation, scaption of humerus

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58
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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59
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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60
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humeral shaft

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61
Q

What are the actions/functions of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction of humerus

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62
Q

What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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63
Q

What are the origins of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis, lower 6 thoracic spinous processes, sacrum, iliac crest of ilium, lower 3 to 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula

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64
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

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65
Q

What are the actions/functions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extension, medial rotation, adduction of humerus, medial (downward) rotation of scapula, assists depression of scapula

66
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

67
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis?

A

Lower half of anterior shaft of humerus

68
Q

What are the insertions of the brachialis?

A

Tuberosity of ulna, coronoid process of ulna

69
Q

What is the action/function of the brachialis?

A

Flexion of elbow

70
Q

What is the innervation of the brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

71
Q

What are the origins of the biceps brachii?

A

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

72
Q

What are the insertions of the biceps brachii?

A

Tuberosity of radius, bicipital aponeurosis

73
Q

What are the actions/functions of the biceps brachii?

A

Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, flexion of humerus

74
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

75
Q

What are the origins of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior humerus above spiral groove
Medial head: posterior humerus below spiral groove

76
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

77
Q

What are the actions/functions of the triceps brachii?

A

Extension of elbow

Long head: extension of humerus

78
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

79
Q

What is the origin of the pronator quadratus?

A

Distal fourth of anterior ulna

80
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?

A

Distal fourth of anterior radius

81
Q

What is the action/function of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm

82
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

83
Q

What are the origins of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Middle of anterior radius, interosseous membrane

84
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of thumb

85
Q

What is the action/function of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of thumb at IP joint

86
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

87
Q

What are the origins of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Proximal 3/4 of anterior ulna, interosseous membrane

88
Q

What are the insertions of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Bases of distal phalanges of 4 fingers

89
Q

What are the actions/functions of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexion of 4 fingers at DIP joints, assists flexion of wrist

90
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Radial 2 fingers: Median nerve (C8, T1)

Ulnar 2 fingers: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

91
Q

What are the origins of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, (common flexor tendon), coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: anterior oblique line of radius

92
Q

What are the insertions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Sides of shafts of middle phalanges of 4 fingers

93
Q

What are the actions/functions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexion of 4 fingers at PIP joints, assists flexion of wrist

94
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

95
Q

What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

96
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

97
Q

What are the actions/functions of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexion, abduction of wrist (radial deviation)

98
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

99
Q

What are the origins of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
Ulnar head: proximal posterior ulna, olecranon process of ulna

100
Q

What are the insertions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform carpal bone, hamate carpal bone, base of 5th metacarpal

101
Q

What are the actions/functions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion, adduction of wrist (ulnar deviation)

102
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

103
Q

What is the origin of the palmaris longus?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

104
Q

What are the insertions of the palmaris longus?

A

Palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum

105
Q

What is the action/function of the palmaris longus?

A

Assists flexion of the wrist

106
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8)

107
Q

What are the origins of the pronator teres?

A

Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

108
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Middle of lateral shaft of radius

109
Q

What are the actions/functions of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of forearm, assists in flexion of elbow

110
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

111
Q

What are the origins of the supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament of radius, radial collateral ligament, proximal ulna at supinator crest

112
Q

What is the insertion of the supinator?

A

Lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius between antrerior and posterior oblique lines

113
Q

What is the action/function of the supinator?

A

Supination of forearm

114
Q

What is the innervation of the supinator?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

115
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

116
Q

What are the insertions of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extensor expansion of 4 fingers

117
Q

What are the actions/functions of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extension of 4 fingers at MP joints, assists extension of wrist

118
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7. C8)

119
Q

What are the origins of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A 
Humeral head: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Ulnar head (deep to humeral head): posterior proximal ulna - subcutaneous boreder
120
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Base of 5th metacarpal

121
Q

What are the actions/functions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extension, adduction of wrist (ulnar deviation)

122
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

123
Q

What are the origins of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral epicondyle of humerus

124
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

125
Q

What are the actions/functions of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Extension, abduction of wrist (radial deviation)

126
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

127
Q

What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

128
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Base of 3rd metacarpal

129
Q

What is the action/function of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Extension of wrist

130
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7)

131
Q

What are the origins of the extensor indicis?

A

Posterior ulna, interosseous membrane

132
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor indicis?

A

Extensor expansion of index (2nd) finger

133
Q

What are the actions/functions of the extensor indicis?

A

Extension of index finger at MP joint, assists extension of wrist

134
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

135
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

136
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extensor expansion of little (5th) finger

137
Q

What are the actions/functions of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extension of little (5th) finger at MP joint, assists extension of the wrist

138
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8)

139
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

140
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Styloid process of radius

141
Q

What is the action/function of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexion of elbow with forearm in mid-position (halfway between supination and pronation)

142
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

143
Q

What muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

Adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis

144
Q

What are the origins of the adductor pollicis?

A

Transverse head: anterior shaft of 3rd metacarpal

Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate carpal bone, trapezoid carpal bone, trapezium carpal bone

145
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor pollicis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb - medial side

146
Q

What is the action/function of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adduction of thumb at CM joint

147
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

148
Q

What are the origins of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum, trapezium carpal bone, scaphoid carpal bone

149
Q

What is the insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb - radial side

150
Q

What is the action/function of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abduction of the thumb at the CM joint

151
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

152
Q

What are the origins of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial head: flexor retinaculum, trapezium carpal bone

Deep head: trapezoid carpal bone, capitate carpal bone

153
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb - radial side

154
Q

What is the action/function of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexion of thumb at MP joint

155
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial head: median nerve (C8, T1)

Deep head: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

156
Q

What are the origins of the opponens pollicis?

A

Flexor retinaculum, trapezium carpal bone

157
Q

What is the insertion of the opponens pollicis?

A

Lateral shaft of 1st metacarpal

158
Q

What is the action/function of the opponens pollicis?

A

Opposition of thumb at CM joint

159
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

160
Q

What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?

A

Palmaris brevis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi

Applied Anatomy (5 decks)

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