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Biology > Muscles 1 OIA > Flashcards

Muscles 1 OIA Flashcards

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1
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5 and overlying fascia

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Action: Draws scapula laterally and forward around chest wall; rotates scapula and depresses apex of shoulder

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2
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin: All or nearly all ribs

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Draws scapula laterally and forward around chest wall; protracts scapula; aids in rotating scapula to elevate apex of shoulder; fixes scapula during abduction of arm

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3
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: External occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, lateral 1/3 of clavicle anterior rami of C3-C4 spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3 or T4

Insertion: Acromion and spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Action: Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements; elevates and depresses apex of shoulder; rotate and retract scapula

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4
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4

Insertion: Superior angle to medial border of scapula

Action: Elevates scapula if cervical vertebrae are fixed; flexes neck laterally if scapula is fixed; retracts scapula and braces shoulder; rotates scapula and depresses apex of shoulder

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5
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Retracts scapula and braces shoulder; fixes scapula during arm movements

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6
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1, nuchal ligament

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Retracts scapula and braces shoulder; fixes scapula during arm movements

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7
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin: Medial half of clavicle, costal cartilages 1-7, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; Aids in deep inspiration.

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: Vertebrae T7-L5, lower three or four ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerus; extends the shoulder joint; pulls body forward and upward, as in climbing; aids in deep inspiration

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9
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: Acromion and spine of scapula; clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

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10
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Aids deltoid in abduction of arm; resists downward slippage of humeral head

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11
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward; rotates humerus laterally

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12
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Extends and medially rotates humerus

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13
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: Lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; posterior surface of joint capsule

Action: Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted; rotates humerus laterally

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus, anterior surface of joint capsule

Action: Modulates action of deltoid, preventing humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted; rotates humerus medially

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15
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: Coracoid process

Insertion: Medial aspect of humeral shaft

Action: Flexes and medially rotates arm; resists deviation of arm from frontal plane during abduction

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16
Q

Biceps brachii, short head

A

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: Tuberosity of radius, fascia of forearm

Action: Rapid or forceful supination of forearm; synergist in elbow flexion; slight shoulder flexion

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17
Q

Biceps brachii, long head

A

Origin: superior margin of glenoid cavity

Insertion: Tuberosity of radius, fascia of forearm

Action: Rapid or forceful supination of forearm; synergist in elbow flexion; slight shoulder flexion; tendon of long head stabilizes shoulder by holding humeral head against glenoid cavity

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18
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of distal half of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Action: Prime mover of elbow flexion

19
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Lateral surface of radius near styloid process

Action: Flexes elbow

20
Q

Triceps brachii, lateral head

A

Origin: posterior surface of proximal end of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon, fascia of forearm

Action: Extends elbow

21
Q

Triceps brachii, long head

A

Origin: inferior margin of glenoid cavity and joint capsule

Insertion: Olecranon, fascia of forearm

Action: Extends elbow; long head extends and adducts humerus

22
Q

Triceps brachii, medial head

A

Origin: posterior surface of entire humeral shaft

Insertion: Olecranon, fascia of forearm

Action: Extends elbow

23
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon and posterior surface of ulna

Action: Extends elbow; may help to control ulnar movement during pronation

24
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of distal ulna

Insertion: Anterior surface of distal radius

Action: Prime mover of forearm pronation; also resists separation of radius and ulna

25
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: Humeral shaft near medial epicondyle; coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Lateral surface of radial shaft

Action: Assists pronator quadratus in pronation, but only in rapid or forceful action; weakly flexes elbow

26
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; supinator crest and fossa of ulna just distal to radial notch; anular and radial collateral ligaments of elbow

Insertion: Proximal 1/3 of radius

Action: Supinates forearm

27
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of metacarpals II-III

Action: Flexes wrist anteriorly; aids in radial flexion of wrist

28
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; medial margin of olecranon; posterior surface of ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, metacarpal V

Action: Flexes wrist anteriorly; aids in ulnar flexion of wrist

29
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Action: Anchors skin and fascia of palmar region; resists shearing forces when stress is applied to skin

30
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Base of metacarpal II

Action: Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist

31
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of metacarpal III

Action: Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist

32
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of ulnar shaft

Insertion: Base of metacarpal V

Action: Extends and fixes wrist when fist is clenched or hand grips an object; aids in ulnar flexion of wrist

33
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Dorsal surfaces of phalanges II-V

Action: Extends wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints; tends to spread digits apart when extending metacarpophalangeal joints

34
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Origin: Pubic symphysis and superior margin of pubis

Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7

Action: Flexes lumbar region of vertebral column, producing forward bending at the waist

35
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Origin: Nuchal ligament, ribs 3-12, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, median and lateral sacral crests, thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Mastoid process, cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and all ribs

Action: Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column;

36
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A

Origin: Vertebrae T6-T10

Insertion: Vertebrae C6-T4

Action: Extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column

37
Q

Multifidus

A

Origin: Vertebrae C4-L5, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum, aponeurosis of erector spinae

Insertion: Laminae and spinous processes of vertebrae superior to origins

Action: Stabilization of adjacent vertebrae, maintenance of posture, control of vertebral movement when erector spinae acts on vertebral column

38
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Origin: Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament

Insertion: Rib 12 and vertebrae L1-L4

Action: Aids respiration by fixing rib 12 and stabilizing inferior attachments of diaphragm.

  • Unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral flexion of lumbar vertebral column;
  • bilateral contraction extends lumbar vertebral column.
39
Q

External oblique

A

Origin: Ribs 5-12

Insertion: Anterior half of iliac crest, pubic symphysis, and superior margin of pubis

Action: Supports abdominal viscera against pull of gravity; stabilizes vertebral column; maintains posture; compresses abdominal organs; unilateral contraction causes contralateral rotation of waist

40
Q

Internal oblique

A

Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Ribs 10-12, costal cartilages 7-10, pubis

Action: Supports abdominal viscera against pull of gravity; stabilizes vertebral column; maintains posture; compresses abdominal organs; unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral rotation of waist

41
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12

Insertion: Linea alba, pubis, aponeurosis of internal oblique

Action: Compresses abdominal contents

42
Q

External intercostals

A

Origin: Inferior margins of ribs 1-11

Insertion: Superior margin of next lower rib

Action: When scalenes fix rib 1, external intercostals elevate and protract ribs 2-12, expanding the thoracic cavity and creating a partial vacuum causing inflow of air; exercise a braking action during expiration so that expiration is not overly abrupt

43
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Origin: Superior margins and costal cartilages of ribs 2-12; margin of sternum

Insertion: Inferior margin of next higher rib

Action: Elevates and depresses ribs to aid in inspriation and expiration

Biology (6 decks)

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