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Anatomy > Muscles (1) > Flashcards

Muscles (1) Flashcards

1
Q

3 Types of muscles

A

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

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2
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

Non striated
Spindle Shaped
Single nucleus

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3
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

Striated
Branched and elongated
1-2 Nuclei

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4
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

Striated
Long and cylindrical
Multinucleated

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5
Q

Why is the tongue good for analyzing skeletal muscle

A

fibers go in every direction

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6
Q

how far do myocytes extend

A

the length of a muscle

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7
Q

How do muscle cells become so long

A

Fusion

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8
Q

What does fusion of muscle cells result in

A

Multinucleated cells
Rapid information transfer

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9
Q

What are striations

A

lines that run perpendicular to the muscle fiber

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10
Q

What makes up striations

A

Z lines and bands
Sarcomeres

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11
Q

How do muscles contract

A

They shrink the long way and pull z lines together

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12
Q

What surrounds muscle cells

A

endomysium (reticular connective tissue)

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13
Q

A group of fibers surrounded by perimysium

A

Fasicle

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14
Q

What is perimysium

A

dense, irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

What surrounds the entire muscle

A

epimysium

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16
Q

What is epimysium

A

dense irregular connective tissue
Merges with deep fascia

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17
Q

What are tendons

A

Dense, regular connective tissue that doesn’t contract

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18
Q

What do tendons attach

A

Muscle to bone

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19
Q

What do ligaments attach

A

bone to bone

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20
Q

Internal tendons

A

tendons that run into the muscle for deeper connection

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21
Q

Tendons can not be strengthened (T/F)

A

False
They take longer to strengthen then muscles

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22
Q

Tendon Viscoelasticity

A

resist change in shape
Bring connections back to relaxed state

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23
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad, flat tendons

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24
Q

How are tendons protected

A

sesamoid cartilage or bone
Bursa
Synovial sheath

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25
Q

How do sesamoid cartilages or bones protect tendons

A

covering them (patella)
pulling them away from joints (calcaneus)

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26
Q

How can a bursa protect a tendon

A

Cushioning with fluid

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27
Q

What is a bursa

A

a fluid filled pouch between bone and tendon

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28
Q

What is a synovial sheath

A

a fluid pocket that surrounds the tendon

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29
Q

How can a synovial sheath protect a tendon

A

Fluid cushioning around the whole tendon

30
Q

Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control (T/F)

A

True

31
Q

What is the main function of skeletal muscle?

A

attach to and move the skeleton

32
Q

What is a secondary function of skeletal muscle

A

preventing movement to maintain posture or achieve complex motion

33
Q

Skeletal muscles can stabilize joints (T/F)

A

true

34
Q

Minor actions of skeletal muscle

A

Eyeball movement
Facial expression
Respiration
Straining
Skin Wrinkling/twitching

35
Q

Strap muscles

A

parallel fibers that don’t come together at origin or insertion

36
Q

Strap muscles are strong and cause little displacement (T/F)

A

False they are weak and cause major displacement

37
Q

Spindle muscles

A

parallel fibers that come together at origin and insertion

38
Q

What is the power/movement combo of spindle muscles

A

Best of both
Some power with decent movement

39
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Fibers do not run parallel to origin and insertion
Varying arrangements

40
Q

Pennate muscles are capable of _____ strength and _____ movement

A

high
minimal

41
Q

Muscles can attach to bony and non-bony places (T/F)

A

True
Non-bony attachments include to other muscles and CT

42
Q

What is a muscles origin

A

the least movable attachment
Beginning

43
Q

What is a muscles insertion

A

The most moveable attachment
End

44
Q

The origin is closer to the joint that a muscle flexes (T/F)

A

False
Insertions are closer to the joint

45
Q

Agonists

A

Primary movers
provide the most force for a particular movement

46
Q

Synergists

A

Support the Agonist muscles
Cause the same movement as the agonist

47
Q

Antagonists

A

Resist agonist movement

48
Q

An antagonist causes movement in the same direction as an Agonist (T/F)

A

False
Antagonists cause movement in the opposite direction

49
Q

Neutralizers

A

Cancel extra agonist motion
Aids movement in the correct plane

50
Q

What kind of muscle prevents adverse affects of agonists

A

Neutralizers

51
Q

Fixator muscles

A

Anchor agonist origins

52
Q

What kind of muscle prevents a second joint from flexing when an agonist contracts

A

Neutralizers

53
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

Connect 2 things
Muscular connection of thoracic appendage
Surround shoulder

54
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A

Cause movement of things
Limited to the limb

55
Q

Synsarcosis

A

Links thoracic appendage to axial skeleton
Strictly muscle attachment (lacks bony link)

56
Q

Actions of the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic appendage

A

Draw the thoracic appendage cranially, caudally, dorsally, or ventrally

57
Q

If a muscle causes protraction it must…

A

be in front of or on the acute angle side of whatever it is moving

58
Q

Protraction

A

extending out

59
Q

Retraction

A

pulling in

60
Q

Rotation

A

muscular contraction on position causes revolution from that position

61
Q

Elevation

A

Draw dorsally

62
Q

Depression

A

draw ventrally

63
Q

Extrinsic muscles act on the thorax in what way

A

draw scapula towards it
support it
ab or adduct the thoracic appendage

64
Q

ABduction

A

lateral movement
Away from main body

65
Q

ADduction

A

medial movement
Towards the main body

66
Q

Internal rotation

A

medial movement

67
Q

External rotation

A

Lateral movement

68
Q

Pronation

A

Palm down

69
Q

Supination

A

Palm up
(internal rotation)

70
Q
A

Anatomy (6 decks)

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