Muscle Types

Question 1

occipitofrontalis muscle function

Answer 1

Raises eyebrows

Occiput - back of head
Frontal

Question 2

orbicularis oculi muscle function

Answer 2

Closes eyes

Orbi - circular
Oculi - eye

Question 3

Orbicularis oris muscle function

Answer 3

Close/pout mouth

Oris - mouth

Question 4

Masseter muscle function

Answer 4

Mastication

Chewing - in jaw area

Question 5

Temporalis muscle function

Answer 5

Mastication

Chewing - in temples area

Question 6

Sternocleidomastoid muscle function

Answer 6

Turns & tilts head

Sterno - sternum
Cleido - clavicle
Mastoid - mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 7

Trapezius muscle function

Answer 7

Pulls head backwards & elevates (shrugs) & retracts shoulders

Trapezi - trapezoid shape

Question 8

Supraspinatus muscle function

Answer 8

Initial abduction of shoulder

One of the rotator cuff muscles

Question 9

Psoas muscle function

Answer 9

Hip flexor (pulls thigh towards trunk- works together with quads)

• Anterior to the lumbar spine

Question 10

Latissimus dorsi muscle function

Answer 10

Extends, adducts & internally rotates arms

Latissimus - widest
Dorsi - back

Question 11

Quadratus lumborum muscle function

Answer 11

Bending backwards or sideways (vertebral extension or lateral flexion)

Quad - four
Lumbo - lumbar region attached to the 4 of the 5 lumbar vertebrae

Question 12

Erector spinae muscle function

Answer 12

Extension of the vertebral column. Keeps spine upright

Muscle group
Erector - erect

Question 13

Pectoralis major muscle function

Answer 13

Draws arms forward: shoulder flexion & medial rotation

Pector - chest
Major - largest, attaches from clavicle&sternum to humerus

Question 14

Rectus abdominis muscle function

Answer 14

Vertebral flexion: bending forward “crunches”

Rectus- fascicles parallel to midline
Abodminis- of the abdomen, attached from pubis to lower sternum & ribs

Question 15

Internal & external obliques muscle function

Answer 15

Rotation, bending sideways

Oblique angles

Question 16

Respiratiry diaphragm muscle function

Answer 16

When contracts, descends into the abdominal cavity, increasing space for air to enter lungs

Attaches to the lower 6 ribs, sternum & upper lumbar spine as well as vital structures pass through such as aorta, vena cava, oesophagus etc

Question 17

Deltoid muscle function

Answer 17

Flexion, abduction & extension of shoulder joint

Attaches from scapula & clavicle to humerus

Question 18

Biceps brachii muscle function

Answer 18

Stabilises shoulder joint, flexion & supination of forearm

Biceps - two heads
Brachii - arm
Attaches from scapula to the radius

Question 19

Triceps brachii muscle function

Answer 19

Arm adduction, extends elbow

Question 20

Flexa carpi muscles function

Answer 20

Flexes the hand at the wrist joint

Flexor - decrease angle
Carpi - wrist

Question 21

Extensor carpi muscles function

Answer 21

Extends hand at the wrist joint

Extensor - increase angle joint
Carpi- carples wrist

Question 22

Gluteus maximus muscle function

Answer 22

External rotation, abduction & extension of the hip joint

Glute-buttock
Maximus- largest
Attaches from the ilium (pelvis) to the femur

Question 23

Piriformis muscle function

Answer 23

Externally rotates hips

Attaches from the sacrum to the femur deeper behind glutes
sciatic nerve runs through which makes it vulnerable to compression in this location

Question 24

Hamstrings muscle fucntion

Answer 24

Bend knee (flexion)

3 separate muscles in posterior thigh

Question 25

Rectus femoris muscle function

Answer 25

Flexes hip & extends knee (kick a ball)

One of the four quadricep muscles
Attaches from pelvis to the tibia

Question 26

Thigh adductors muscle function

Answer 26

Squeeze the tighs together

Attaches from pubis to femur

Question 27

Tibialis anterior muscle function

Answer 27

Dorsiflexion & inversion of the foot (&supports medial arch of foot)

“Front of tibia”
Attaches from tibia to metatarsals

Question 28

Soleus muscle function

Answer 28

Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle

Attached from posterior tibia & fibula to the calcanuem (heel bone) deeper to the gastrocnemius

Question 29

Gastrocnemius muscle function

Answer 29

Flexes leg at the knee & plantar flexion of foot

Calf area Attaches from femur to the calcaneum (heel)

Question 30

What is the myocardium

Answer 30

Group of cardiac muscles

Question 31

Where can smooth muscle be found

Answer 31

Walls of blood vessels, Airways, hollow organs eg stomach, bladder
Iris
Arrector pili in skin

Question 32

Uses of smooth muscle

Answer 32

Change diameter, shape or orientation of tissue
Under autonomic nervous system control (involuntary)
Contracts in response to hormones, cell-to-cell signalling

Question 33

What are the two types of smooth muscle

Answer 33

Single unit - functioning together as one (found in vessels)

Multi unit - fibres stimulated individually & operate indipendently (found in larger arteries & airways, the iris & arrector pili in hair folicles)

Question 34

What is the integumentary system

Answer 34

The skin