Muscle Types Flashcards
occipitofrontalis muscle function
Raises eyebrows
Occiput - back of head
Frontal
orbicularis oculi muscle function
Closes eyes
Orbi - circular
Oculi - eye
Orbicularis oris muscle function
Close/pout mouth
Oris - mouth
Masseter muscle function
Mastication
Chewing - in jaw area
Temporalis muscle function
Mastication
Chewing - in temples area
Sternocleidomastoid muscle function
Turns & tilts head
Sterno - sternum
Cleido - clavicle
Mastoid - mastoid process of the temporal bone
Trapezius muscle function
Pulls head backwards & elevates (shrugs) & retracts shoulders
Trapezi - trapezoid shape
Supraspinatus muscle function
Initial abduction of shoulder
One of the rotator cuff muscles
Psoas muscle function
Hip flexor (pulls thigh towards trunk- works together with quads)
- Anterior to the lumbar spine
Latissimus dorsi muscle function
Extends, adducts & internally rotates arms
Latissimus - widest
Dorsi - back
Quadratus lumborum muscle function
Bending backwards or sideways (vertebral extension or lateral flexion)
Quad - four
Lumbo - lumbar region attached to the 4 of the 5 lumbar vertebrae
Erector spinae muscle function
Extension of the vertebral column. Keeps spine upright
Muscle group
Erector - erect
Pectoralis major muscle function
Draws arms forward: shoulder flexion & medial rotation
Pector - chest
Major - largest, attaches from clavicle&sternum to humerus
Rectus abdominis muscle function
Vertebral flexion: bending forward “crunches”
Rectus- fascicles parallel to midline
Abodminis- of the abdomen, attached from pubis to lower sternum & ribs
Internal & external obliques muscle function
Rotation, bending sideways
Oblique angles
Respiratiry diaphragm muscle function
When contracts, descends into the abdominal cavity, increasing space for air to enter lungs
Attaches to the lower 6 ribs, sternum & upper lumbar spine as well as vital structures pass through such as aorta, vena cava, oesophagus etc
Deltoid muscle function
Flexion, abduction & extension of shoulder joint
Attaches from scapula & clavicle to humerus
Biceps brachii muscle function
Stabilises shoulder joint, flexion & supination of forearm
Biceps - two heads
Brachii - arm
Attaches from scapula to the radius
Triceps brachii muscle function
Arm adduction, extends elbow
Flexa carpi muscles function
Flexes the hand at the wrist joint
Flexor - decrease angle
Carpi - wrist
Extensor carpi muscles function
Extends hand at the wrist joint
Extensor - increase angle joint
Carpi- carples wrist
Gluteus maximus muscle function
External rotation, abduction & extension of the hip joint
Glute-buttock
Maximus- largest
Attaches from the ilium (pelvis) to the femur
Piriformis muscle function
Externally rotates hips
Attaches from the sacrum to the femur deeper behind glutes
sciatic nerve runs through which makes it vulnerable to compression in this location
Hamstrings muscle fucntion
Bend knee (flexion)
3 separate muscles in posterior thigh
Rectus femoris muscle function
Flexes hip & extends knee (kick a ball)
One of the four quadricep muscles
Attaches from pelvis to the tibia
Thigh adductors muscle function
Squeeze the tighs together
Attaches from pubis to femur
Tibialis anterior muscle function
Dorsiflexion & inversion of the foot (&supports medial arch of foot)
“Front of tibia”
Attaches from tibia to metatarsals
Soleus muscle function
Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
Attached from posterior tibia & fibula to the calcanuem (heel bone) deeper to the gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius muscle function
Flexes leg at the knee & plantar flexion of foot
Calf area Attaches from femur to the calcaneum (heel)
What is the myocardium
Group of cardiac muscles
Where can smooth muscle be found
Walls of blood vessels, Airways, hollow organs eg stomach, bladder
Iris
Arrector pili in skin
Uses of smooth muscle
Change diameter, shape or orientation of tissue
Under autonomic nervous system control (involuntary)
Contracts in response to hormones, cell-to-cell signalling
What are the two types of smooth muscle
Single unit - functioning together as one (found in vessels)
Multi unit - fibres stimulated individually & operate indipendently (found in larger arteries & airways, the iris & arrector pili in hair folicles)
What is the integumentary system
The skin
