Muscle Types Flashcards

1
Q

occipitofrontalis muscle function

A

Raises eyebrows

Occiput - back of head
Frontal

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2
Q

orbicularis oculi muscle function

A

Closes eyes

Orbi - circular
Oculi - eye

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3
Q

Orbicularis oris muscle function

A

Close/pout mouth

Oris - mouth

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4
Q

Masseter muscle function

A

Mastication

Chewing - in jaw area

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5
Q

Temporalis muscle function

A

Mastication

Chewing - in temples area

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6
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle function

A

Turns & tilts head

Sterno - sternum
Cleido - clavicle
Mastoid - mastoid process of the temporal bone

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7
Q

Trapezius muscle function

A

Pulls head backwards & elevates (shrugs) & retracts shoulders

Trapezi - trapezoid shape

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8
Q

Supraspinatus muscle function

A

Initial abduction of shoulder

One of the rotator cuff muscles

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9
Q

Psoas muscle function

A

Hip flexor (pulls thigh towards trunk- works together with quads)

  • Anterior to the lumbar spine
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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi muscle function

A

Extends, adducts & internally rotates arms

Latissimus - widest
Dorsi - back

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11
Q

Quadratus lumborum muscle function

A

Bending backwards or sideways (vertebral extension or lateral flexion)

Quad - four
Lumbo - lumbar region attached to the 4 of the 5 lumbar vertebrae

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12
Q

Erector spinae muscle function

A

Extension of the vertebral column. Keeps spine upright

Muscle group
Erector - erect

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13
Q

Pectoralis major muscle function

A

Draws arms forward: shoulder flexion & medial rotation

Pector - chest
Major - largest, attaches from clavicle&sternum to humerus

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14
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle function

A

Vertebral flexion: bending forward “crunches”

Rectus- fascicles parallel to midline
Abodminis- of the abdomen, attached from pubis to lower sternum & ribs

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15
Q

Internal & external obliques muscle function

A

Rotation, bending sideways

Oblique angles

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16
Q

Respiratiry diaphragm muscle function

A

When contracts, descends into the abdominal cavity, increasing space for air to enter lungs

Attaches to the lower 6 ribs, sternum & upper lumbar spine as well as vital structures pass through such as aorta, vena cava, oesophagus etc

17
Q

Deltoid muscle function

A

Flexion, abduction & extension of shoulder joint

Attaches from scapula & clavicle to humerus

18
Q

Biceps brachii muscle function

A

Stabilises shoulder joint, flexion & supination of forearm

Biceps - two heads
Brachii - arm
Attaches from scapula to the radius

19
Q

Triceps brachii muscle function

A

Arm adduction, extends elbow

20
Q

Flexa carpi muscles function

A

Flexes the hand at the wrist joint

Flexor - decrease angle
Carpi - wrist

21
Q

Extensor carpi muscles function

A

Extends hand at the wrist joint

Extensor - increase angle joint
Carpi- carples wrist

22
Q

Gluteus maximus muscle function

A

External rotation, abduction & extension of the hip joint

Glute-buttock
Maximus- largest
Attaches from the ilium (pelvis) to the femur

23
Q

Piriformis muscle function

A

Externally rotates hips

Attaches from the sacrum to the femur deeper behind glutes
sciatic nerve runs through which makes it vulnerable to compression in this location

24
Q

Hamstrings muscle fucntion

A

Bend knee (flexion)

3 separate muscles in posterior thigh

25
Rectus femoris muscle function
Flexes hip & extends knee (kick a ball) One of the four quadricep muscles Attaches from pelvis to the tibia
26
Thigh adductors muscle function
Squeeze the tighs together Attaches from pubis to femur
27
Tibialis anterior muscle function
Dorsiflexion & inversion of the foot (&supports medial arch of foot) “Front of tibia” Attaches from tibia to metatarsals
28
Soleus muscle function
Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle Attached from posterior tibia & fibula to the calcanuem (heel bone) deeper to the gastrocnemius
29
Gastrocnemius muscle function
Flexes leg at the knee & plantar flexion of foot Calf area Attaches from femur to the calcaneum (heel)
30
What is the myocardium
Group of cardiac muscles
31
Where can smooth muscle be found
Walls of blood vessels, Airways, hollow organs eg stomach, bladder Iris Arrector pili in skin
32
Uses of smooth muscle
Change diameter, shape or orientation of tissue Under autonomic nervous system control (involuntary) Contracts in response to hormones, cell-to-cell signalling
33
What are the two types of smooth muscle
Single unit - functioning together as one (found in vessels) Multi unit - fibres stimulated individually & operate indipendently (found in larger arteries & airways, the iris & arrector pili in hair folicles)
34
What is the integumentary system
The skin