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HISTOLOGY LAB > Muscle Tissue Lab > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Lab Flashcards

1
Q

________ the ability to shorten, is an inherent property of all cells

A

Contractility

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2
Q

these cells exhibit the greatest degree of contractility

A

muscle cells

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3
Q

it is composed of muscle cells that are supported and bound together by intercellular material that consists of connective tissue

A

muscle tissue

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4
Q

the basic tissue responsible for locomotion of the individual and movement of the various parts of the body because they are highly contractile

A

muscle tissue

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5
Q

_______ of muscle cells moves or restrains the movement of a body part

A

contraction

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6
Q

muscle cells are derived from ______

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

muscle cells in the iris of the eye arise from ______

A

ectoderm

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8
Q

Cell membrane of the muscle cells is known as

A

sarcolemma

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9
Q

Cytoplasm of the muscle cells is known as

A

sarcoplasm

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10
Q

smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells is known as

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

mitochondria of muscle cell is known as

A

sarcosomes

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle cells?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle cells

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13
Q

Skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers are referred to as ______ because they exhibit prominent alternating light and dark cross striations

A

striated

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14
Q

smooth muscle cells are _______ because they do not exhibit cross striations

A

nonstriated

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15
Q

a muscle tissue in the body that is organized to form mouse-shaped organs

A

skeletal muscle tissue

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16
Q

muscle is attached at either end by dense regular connective tissue called ________ to a part of skeletal system

A

tendon

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17
Q

numerous skeletal muscle fibers bunched in groups called

A

bundles or fascicles

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18
Q

the bundles or fascicles of skeletal muscle is enveloped by tough, dense, irregular connective tissue called ______ that keeps the fascicles together

A

epimysium

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19
Q

Within the muscle, each of the fascicles is likewise encased by connective tissue called

A

perimysium

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20
Q

this keeps the muscle fibers within the fascicle together

A

perimysium

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21
Q

Within the fascicle, each of the muscle fibers is individually wrapped and supported by a delicate connective tissue layer called

A

endomysium

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22
Q

extracellular fibers in the endomysium are mainly _____

A

reticular fibers

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23
Q

are long, tapering, cylindrical, and multinucleated cells that vary in length and diameter

A

skeletal muscle cells

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24
Q

muscle cell precursors of skeletal muscle is called

A

myoblasts

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25
Q

an oxygen-binding protein responsible for the brownish color of the muscle

A

myoglobin

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26
Q

the most noteworthy feature of the sarcoplasm is the presence of numerous long but thin filamentous elements called

A

myofibrils

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27
Q

there are roughly ________ to _______ myofibrils per muscle fiber, each of which spans the length of the cell

A

5,000 to 10,000

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28
Q

the light bands are called ________ because they do not alter polarized light

A

isotropic bands (I-bands)

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29
Q

the dark bands are called ________ because they display birefringence in polarized light

A

anisotropic bands (A-bands)

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30
Q

a fine dark transverse line is the _______, bisects the I-band

A

Z-line (Zwischenscheiben line)

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31
Q

The lighter mid-portion of the A-band is called

A

H-line (Heller band)

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32
Q

H-band is further bisected by a thin dark stripe called

A

M-line (Mittelscheible)

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33
Q

A myofibril is made up of numerous small contractile units called _____ that are laid end to end

A

sarcomeres

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34
Q

_______ refers to the region that spans two Z-lines and is about 1.5 to 2 micromillimeters long in a resting muscle

A

sarcomere

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35
Q

In high resolution electron microscopy, sarcomere has been shown to consist of a collection of thread-like structures called

A

filaments (myofilaments)

36
Q

these filaments occupy the middle zone of a sarcomere

A

thick filaments

37
Q

these filaments occupy the peripheral zones of a sarcomere

A

thin filaments

38
Q

the filaments of skeletal muscle cells are made up mainly if four proteins:

A

actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and myosin

39
Q

among the four proteins of skeletal muscle, ______ and _____ are the most abundant

A

actin and myosin

40
Q

thin filaments consists of what skeletal proteins?

A

actin, tropomyosin, troponin

41
Q

thick filaments consists of what skeletal protein?

A

myosin

42
Q

the principal protein component of the thin filaments is

A

F-actin

43
Q

these complexes play a role in the regulation of contraction

A

troponin-tropomyosin complexes

44
Q

This theory states that when a muscle contracts, it shortens because the interaction of the actin and myosin molecules causes a thin and thick filaments to slide past each other, resulting in the shortening of sarcomeres.

A

Sliding filament theory

45
Q

The __________ of straited muscle cells forms tubular invaginations that penetrate the muscle fiber and create anastomosing systems of tubes that surround the sarcomeres of the myofibrils at the junction of the A- and I-bands

A

sarcolemma

46
Q

These tubes, whose lumens are continuous with the extracellular space, are called

A

transverse tubules (T-tubules)

47
Q

in the area of the myofibrils in between the T-tubules, the ________________ creates an intricate and complex system of membrane-bound channels whose functions is to capture and store calcium ions needed for muscle contraction.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

48
Q

A T-tubule and the pair of terminal cisternae associated with it are collectively referred to as

A

triad

49
Q

The signal for the sarcoplasmic reticulum to depolarize comes from the _____________ on the surface of the muscle cells

A

motor endplate

50
Q

an axon terminal sheds its myelin and settles into a depression on the surface of the muscle fiber called

A

synaptic trough or primary synaptic cleft

51
Q

The sarcolemma in the primary synaptic cleft forms numerous deep folds called

A

junctional folds

52
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers that vary morphologically and functionally?

A

red, white, and intermediate

53
Q

____ muscle fibers are smaller and have a richer blood supply than white muscle fibers

A

red muscle fibers

54
Q

Red muscle fibers are also called

A

slow twitch muscle fibers

55
Q

Red muscle fibers are called slow twitch muscle fibers because they contract at a _______

A

slower rate

56
Q

White muscle fibers are also called

A

fast twitch muscle fibers

57
Q

White muscle fibers are called fast twitch muscle fibers because they contract at a ________

A

faster rate

58
Q

These muscle fibers have morphological and physiological characteristics that are in-between those of red and white muscle fibers

A

Intermediate muscle fibers

59
Q

are receptors whose collective function is proprioception, i.e., the monitoring of the position of the limbs and state of contraction of the muscles

A

Proprioceptors

60
Q

these spindles are embedded in the endomysium and perimysium and are present in all skeletal muscles

A

Neuromuscular spindles

61
Q

Two kinds of intrafusal fibers:

A

nuclear bag and nuclear chain

62
Q

It is a kind of intrafusal fibers that possess a dilated central area that contains a bunch of nuclei

A

Nuclear bag fibers

63
Q

It is a kind of intrafusal fibers that do not manifest any dilatation and their nuclei are set in a single row

A

nuclear chain fibers

64
Q

The intrafusal fibers are provided with two types of sensory nerve endings:

A

1.) annulospiral ending
2.) flower-spray ending

65
Q

A sensory nerve ending that consists of the unmyelinated terminations of sensory neurons that are spirally wrapped around the central portion of the intrafusal fibers.

A

Annulospiral ending

66
Q

A sensory nerve ending that consists of smaller nerve endings that innervate the peripheral portions of the intrafusal fibers.

A

flower-spray ending

67
Q

is a stretch receptor that detects the degree and velocity of stretch applied to a muscle

A

Neuromuscular spindle

68
Q

are small, one-mm-long structures located in the tendons that attach skeletal muscles to their insertions and origins

A

Golgi tendon organs

69
Q

consists of collagen fibers enclosed by a thin, cone-shaped connective tissue capsule, supplied by a single afferent nerve fiber that discards its myelin and breaks into branches as it enters the capsule

A

Golgi tendon organs

70
Q

are sensitive to muscle contraction rather than stretch and evidently measure the tension that is generated by muscle contraction

A

Golgi tendon organs

71
Q

this muscle tissue occurs only in the heart and sometimes, in small areas in the wall of some of the big blood vessels attached to the heart

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

72
Q

are cylindrical cells that are much shorter than skeletal muscle cells and as broad as many skeletal muscle cells

A

Cardiac muscle cells

73
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscle cells contain only one to two nuclei

A

True

74
Q

True or False: Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated

A

True

75
Q

True or False: the pale-staining nuclei of cardiac muscle cells are centrally located

A

True

76
Q

True or False: Sarcoplasm of a cardiac muscle cell is filled with myofibrils

A

True

77
Q

True or False: The sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle is well developed

A

False

78
Q

Cardiac muscle cells’ terminal branches are attached end-to-end to the terminal branches of their neighbors via specialized junctional complexes called

A

Intercalated discs

79
Q

the impulse that initiates cardiac muscle contraction is generated by the

A

sinoatrial node (SA node)

80
Q

a small structure in the heart that consists of Purkinje fibers

A

sinoatrial node

81
Q

are modified cardiac muscle cells, non-contractile cells that are specialized to comprise the impulse conducting system of the heart which generates and propagates the electrical impulse that initiates cardiac contraction

A

Purkinje fibers

82
Q

are fusiform cells that are broad in the middle and tapering at both ends

A

Smooth muscle cells

83
Q

________ breakdown releases energy that enables the myosin molecule to interact with actin molecules

A

ATP

84
Q

True or False: Skeletal muscle tissue is capable of some degree of regeneration

A

True

85
Q

The source of new muscle cells is a small residual population of myoblast-like stem cells called

A

satellite cells

HISTOLOGY LAB (4 decks)

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