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HISTOLOGY LAB > Connective Tissue Lab > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Lab Flashcards

1
Q

is characterized by an abundance of extracellular material and a relative paucity of cells

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

all connective tissues in the body are derived from ______

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

connective tissues in the head are derived from _______

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

special types of connective tissue includes the following:

A

cartilage, bone, blood, hemopoietic tissue

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5
Q

a connective tissue that is found all over the body and can be regarded as primarily the “glue” that binds body parts together while allowing for some degree of movement

A

connective tissue proper

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6
Q

True or False: In connective tissue the cells are not bound to each other and are scattered individually in the extracellular substance.

A

True

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7
Q

The _________ of connective tissue is an amorphous, homogenous, transparent, and hydrated gel.

A

Ground substance

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8
Q

The ground substance consists mainly of water that is stabilized by

A

proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, mineral salts, and glycoproteins

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9
Q

are the main structural constituents and are responsible for the gelatinous character of ground substance of connective tissue

A

proteoglycans

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10
Q

They are macromolecules that consist of a “core protein” to which disaccharides – in the form of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are attached covalently in a radiating pattern.

A

proteoglycans

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11
Q

is it the most abundant GAG in the ground substance of connective tissue

A

hyaluronic acid

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12
Q

it serves as the backbone to which proteoglycan molecules are attached by “link-proteins” to form proteoglycan complexes

A

hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

a non-sulfated molecule that has a diameter of 10 to 12 nm

A

fibrillin

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14
Q

glycoproteins in the ground substance of connective tissue, which are probably involved in cell adhesion and migration are:

A

fibronectin, laminin, and thrombospondin

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15
Q

three types of fibers in connective tissue

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

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16
Q

fibers that are present in all connective tissues in differing amounts

A

collagen fibers

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17
Q

they impart a white color to fresh tissue

A

collagen fibers

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18
Q

To better demonstrate collagen fibers under light microscope, special stains such as ______________ that color collagen fibers blue

A

Masson’s trichrome

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19
Q

most abundant protein in the body and accounts for about 25% of the body’s dry weight

A

collagen

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20
Q

collagen fibers are made of what protein

A

collagen

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21
Q

there are currently ___ known distinct types of collagen

A

28

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22
Q

only collagen types __, ___, & ___ make up practically all the collagen in connective tissue

A

types 1, 2, 3

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23
Q

collagen fibers are made up of what type of collagen

A

collagen type 1

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24
Q

a fibers that have a tensile strength that is greater than steel and are slightly flexible but inelastic

A

collagen fibers

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25
Q

the molecular precursor of a collagen fiber is

A

procollagen

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26
Q

consists of a polypeptide chain that is longer than those in mature collagen

A

procollagen

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27
Q

precursors of collagen that they synthesize

A

fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells

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28
Q

in the matrix of cartilage and bone, procollagen is synthesized by cells called

A

chondroblast and osteoblast

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29
Q

collagen fibers form _______ molecules by twisting around each other, much like the fibers of a rope, getting bound together by hydrogen bonds

A

tropocollagen

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30
Q

once tropocollagen molecules are formed it aggregates to form _______

A

microfibrils

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31
Q

these are fibrillar elements that are about 45 to 100 nm in diameter each

A

microfibrils

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32
Q

microfibrils group together to form bigger fibrillar structures called

A

fibrils (macrofibrils)

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33
Q

these are fine fibers that average 1.0 micromillimeter in diameter which usually do not ramify, rather branch and anastomose

A

Elastic fibers

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34
Q

True or False: when abundant, elastic fibers impart a yellow color to fresh tissue.

A

True

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35
Q

In H&E preparations, elastic fibers remain unstained and usually appear as ______________ that are difficult to distinguish with certainty from collagen fibers,

A

refractile pinkish-yellow lines

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36
Q

Elastic fiber when stained with orcein appear

A

blue to black

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37
Q

is a highly insoluble protein that is responsible for the elasticity of elastic fibers

A

Elastin

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38
Q

it is resistant to boiling and hydrolysis by acids, alkali, and most enzymes, but it can be hydrolyzed by the pancreatic enzyme elastase

A

Elastin

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39
Q

Elastin has how many genetic types

A

1 genetic type

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40
Q

Elastin in the body occurs in either two ways:

A

elastic fibers / elastic sheets or lamellae

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41
Q

these cells have the capacity to secrete the substances that are needed in the formation of elastic fibers are the

A

fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells

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42
Q

elastic fiber formation

A

elastogenesis

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43
Q

precursor protein of elastin

A

tropoelastin

44
Q

a fiber that their collagen content is type 3

A

reticular fibers

45
Q

these fibers stain black when impregnated with silver salts

A

reticular fibers

46
Q

Reticular fibers stain black when impregnated with silver salts and are referred to as ________

A

argyrophilic fibers

47
Q

the cells present in connective tissue can be categorized into ________ and _________

A

resident cells, visiting cells

48
Q

Resident cells are:

A

mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts & fibrocytes, reticular cells, adipose cells, mast cells, and resident macrophages

49
Q

Visiting cells are:

A

inflammatory macrophages, plasma cells, and leukocytes

50
Q

are multipotential stem cells that have differentiated from pluripotential cells

A

mesenchymal cells

51
Q

the stem cells of most connective tissue cells

A

mesenchymal cells

52
Q

are the most abundant cells in most connective tissues. they synthesize the organic components

A

fibroblasts

53
Q

the precursor of collagen and elastic fibers

A

fibroblasts

54
Q

are merely fibroblasts that are idle or resting

A

fibrocytes

55
Q

their cytoplasm is acidophilic and their nucleus is compact and dark

A

fibrocytes

56
Q

fibroblasts that are specialized to synthesize the precursors of type 3 collagen that make up the reticular fibers

A

Reticular cells

57
Q

is a cell that is specialized to store lipids or fats, mainly triglycerides in its cytoplasm

A

adipose cell

58
Q

origin of all cells

A

pluripotential stem cells

59
Q

when a fat cell is only starting to accumulate fat, is sometimes referred to as _______

A

lipoblast

60
Q

adipose cells are called _______ because it simply consist of a large empty space and a flattened nucleus that is located on one side of the cell

A

signet ring cells

61
Q

are cells that are in an intermediate step between stem cells and fat cells, they reside in adipose tissue and divide twice before becoming full-fledged fat cells

A

pre-fat cells

62
Q

are large, ovoid cells (15 to 20 micromillimeter) with centrally located spherical nuclei and numerous cytoplasmic granules

A

mast cells

63
Q

Mast cells are derived from cells in the bone marrow called

A

Colony-Forming Unit —-Mast Cell (CFU-Mast)

64
Q

are phagocytes that differentiate from monocytes

A

macrophages

65
Q

effector cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)

A

macrophages

66
Q

Macrophages that are in connective tissue are otherwise known as

A

histiocytes

67
Q

Macrophages in that alveoli of lungs are called

A

pulmonary alveolar macrophages

68
Q

Macrophage in the sinusoids of the liver are referred to as

A

Kupffer cells

69
Q

In routine LM preparations, macrophage’s cytoplasm is slightly basophilic and typically, appears ______

A

“frothy”

70
Q

_____ macrophages are attached to collagen fibers

A

fixed macrophages

71
Q

______ macrophages wander about in the extracellular matrix

A

light macrophages

72
Q

_____ macrophages are those that inhibit a given site

A

resident macrophages

73
Q

______ macrophages are those in response to a stimulus

A

inflammatory macrophages

74
Q

a cell that is slightly bigger than RBC, which about 7.5 micromillimeter in diameter

A

plasma cells

75
Q

it has a strongly basophilic cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus

A

plasma cells

76
Q

its chromatin is present in clumps that are located near the nuclear membrane, giving the nucleus a “clock-face” or “cartwheel” appearance

A

plasma cells

77
Q

plasma cells differentiate from WBCs called

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)

78
Q

a substance that is elaborated by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

A

antibody

79
Q

plasma cells has a lifespan of

A

10 to 20 days

80
Q

True or False: Plasma cells is a terminally differentiated cell that is incapable of cell division or of reverting back to a B lymphocyte

A

True

81
Q

this refer to the cells in blood that are not red blood cells

A

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

82
Q

what are the types of leukocytes?

A

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

83
Q

what are the different types of connective tissue?

A

collagenous, adipose, reticular, elastic, and mucous

84
Q

is the most abundant type of connective tissue in the body in which the predominant extracellular fiber is collagen fiber and the predominant cell type is the fibroblast

A

collagenous connective tissue

85
Q

collagenous connective tissues are grouped into two general categories:

A

loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

86
Q

this connective tissue is characterized by scanty intercellular ground substance in which an abundant number of closely packed collagen fibers and relatively few cells are embedded

A

dense connective tissue

87
Q

a dense connective tissue that run in various directions

A

dense irregular

88
Q

if the fibers are arranged in a definite pattern, the connective tissue is referred to as

A

dense regular

89
Q

tissue that comprises the dermis of the skin; capsule of some organs like the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and testes; sheath of large nerves; periosteum that envelops the bones; and dura mater

A

dense irregular connective tissue

90
Q

a connective tissue that makes up tendons, ligaments, and fibrous membranes

A

dense regular connective tissue

91
Q

Loose connective tissue is also known as

A

areolar connective tissue

92
Q

is characterized by high vascularity and an abundance of extracellular substance where the relatively few collagenous fibers are arranged haphazardly

A

Loose connective tissue

93
Q

is a connective tissue in which the predominant cellular element is the fat or adipose cell

A

adipose tissue

94
Q

represents that largest energy storage site of the body

A

adipose tissue

95
Q

the fat that is stored in adipose tissue represents excess ________

A

dietary calorie intake

96
Q

aside from energy storage site of the body, adipose tissue also function as

A

thermal insulator

97
Q

what are the two types of adipose tissue?

A

yellow (white) adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue

98
Q

this type of adipose tissue are richly supplied with mitochondria

A

brown adipose tissue

99
Q

this adipose tissue store lipid in the form of a single fat vacuole

A

yellow adipose tissue

100
Q

fat cells of brown adipose tissue store lipid in the form of

A

numerous droplet

101
Q

In the new born, ______ adipose tissue is present in the neck and back accounts for about 2% to 5% of body weight

A

brown adipose tissue

102
Q

is a connective tissue in which the predominant cell and extracellular fiber are the reticular cell and reticular fiber

A

reticular tissue

103
Q

is characterized by abundance of amorphous and jelly-like ground substance in which scarce number of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are embedded

A

mucous tissue

104
Q

the ground substance of mucous tissue is mainly composed of ________

A

hyaluronic acid

105
Q

Mucous tissue is common in the embryo but rare in adults. It is exemplified by ___________, the connective tissue present in the umbilical cord.

A

Wharton’s jelly

HISTOLOGY LAB (4 decks)

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