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Anatomy 25 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Repeating (intracellular) functional unit of striated muscle

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

A
  • Cellular
  • some CT Vascular - blood vessels
  • Specialized to contract
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3
Q

Classifications of muscle

A

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

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4
Q

What percentage of body mass is skeletal muscle?

A

40-50 %

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5
Q

How many muscles are on the human body?

A

639

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6
Q

Which muscles have sarcomeres and which do not?

A

Skeletal and cardiac have sarcomeres. Smooth does not

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A

Muscle fiber - multinucleated - filled with microfibrils, therefore nuclei are pushed to the side - cross striation due to sarcomeres Adapted for speed - moves skeleton and maintains posture - produces body heat 40-50% body mass is skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What are the 3 major functions of muscle?

A

Produce movement Produce heat Provide stability and maintain posture

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9
Q

What muscle in the body is controlled by consciousness?

A

Skeletal

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle function

A

Contraction

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11
Q

What is epimysium?

A

dense irregular connective tissue that encases each fiber and surrounds the whole skeletal muscle. name means “outside the muscle”

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12
Q

What is perimysium?

A

loose connective tissue that encases bundle of fibers (fasicles)

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13
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Loose connective tissue that encases each fiber

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14
Q

What is a tendon?

A

the 3 sheaths are continuous with each other. they all merge together to form the tendon, which is the connective tissue structure that joins skeletal muscles to bones.

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15
Q

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

A

located in the skeletal muscles. muscles cells are striated, innervated by voluntary division and is subject to conscious control.

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16
Q

What is cardiac muscle tissue?

A

occurs only in the wall of the heart. muscle cells are striated, but contraction is involuntary.

17
Q

What is smooth muscle tissue?

A

found in the wall of hollow internal organs other than the heart, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, blood vessels, etc. Smooth muscle tissue lacks striations.

18
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

unbranched cylinders making up over 80% of the sarcoplasm. Specialized contractile organelles unique to muscle tissue. Contain myofilaments. Myofibrils are composed of repeating segments called sarcomeres.

19
Q

What are sarcomeres?

A

repeating intracellular functional unit of striated muscle. basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle.

20
Q

What is the structure of a sarcomere?

A
  • Boundaries at 2 ends of sarcomere are called Z lines - Attached to each Z line and extending toward the center of the sarcomere are fine myofilaments (thin actin). Thin filaments are composed mainly of contractile protein (actin) - In the center of the sarcomere and overlapping the inner ends of the thin filaments is a bundle of thick (myosin) filaments. Thick filaments consists largely of myosin molecules.
21
Q

Describe the structure of a sarcomere?

A

A Band- dark band created by the full length of the thick filaments in the sarcomeres, along with inner ends of thin filaments H Zone- central part of A band where no thin filaments reach I- regions that contain only thin filaments, create the light portions of the patterned striations. Z Disc- zig zag line, boundaries/two ends of each sarcomere

22
Q

What is a thick filament?

A

comprised mostly of myosin molecules. Also contain ATPase enzymes that release energy for muscle contraction

23
Q

What is a thin filament?

A

composed primarily of contractile protein actin.

24
Q

what is a myofilament?

A

protein filaments (actin and myosin) arranged into sarcomeres- they do not form sarcomeres.

25
Q

what is a muscle fiber?

A

elongated cylindrical (multinucleated) skeletal muscle cells. surrounded by the endomysium.

26
Q

What is the belly comprised of in skeletal muscle organs?

A

Muscle fibers and CT proper

27
Q

What is the tendon in skeletal muscle organs comprised of?

A

CT proper

28
Q

What are the components of deep fascia?

A

Epimysium, perichondrium, periosteum

29
Q

What is superficial fascia?

A

Subcutaneous

30
Q

What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  • single nucleus - intercalated discs- desmosome-like junctions between fibers; parallel to cross striations, located at z lines
31
Q

What are the parts of intercalated discs?

A

1) macula adherens: junction between fibers 2) gap junction (nexus): allows electrical signal to pass from one myocardial to next

32
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

A
  • Assorted for endurance and strength - very slow acting - involuntary - spindle shaped cells - no cross striations - composted of actin and myosin
33
Q
A

Anatomy 25 (7 decks)

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