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Anatomy Midterm #1 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscle are:

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
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2
Q

Typical Skeletal Muscle consists of?

A

Whole Muscle, connected by
tendons to the skeleton

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3
Q

Muscles have what color as an appearance?

A

reddish appearance duo to high vascularization

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4
Q

Tendons are what color?

A

whitish due to being
minimally vascular, collagen
fibers.

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5
Q

Whole muscle is covered in?

A

a dense connective tissue
called Epimysium

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6
Q

Whole muscle is divided into
smaller “bundles” called?

A

Fascicles which are
covered in connective tissue
called Perimysium

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7
Q

Fascicles are divided into
smaller bundles called?

A

Muscle Fibers which are
covered by connective tissue
called Endomysium

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8
Q

Muscle Fibers are the ——-
of muscle?

A

cells

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9
Q

Tendons are a continuous
mass of?

A

connective tissues
(endomysium, perimysium
and epimysium) that emerge
from muscle at both ends

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10
Q

Skeletal Muscles are supplied
with?

A

nerves and blood

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11
Q

Skeletal Muscles are supplied with nerves are called?

A

Somatic Motor Neurons

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12
Q

During embryonic development, muscle fibers arise from?

A

fusion of hundreds of myoblast cells

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13
Q

Each mature Muscle Fiber has how many nuclei?

A

hundred or more nuclei

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14
Q

Action Potentials propagate along?

A

sarcolemma and down the T tubules into the depths of muscle fiber

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15
Q

What is Sarcolemma?

A

blue covering is the plasma membrane of Muscle Fiber

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16
Q

Muscle fibers are composed of multiple skeletal muscle called?

A

Myofibrils which are contractile
elements of skeletal muscle and extend entire length of muscle fiber

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17
Q

Encircling each myofibril are?

A

calcium-filled sacs called the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

18
Q

When an Action Potential is carried by the T tubule into the muscle fiber, it
causes the release of?

A

calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

Within myofibrils are smaller structures called?

A

filaments

20
Q

Thin filaments are composed of?

A

mainly of the protein Actin

21
Q

Thick filaments are composed of?

A

protein Myosin

22
Q

Filaments are arranged in compartments called?

A

Sarcomeres

23
Q

Sarcomeres are what basic units?

A

basic functional units
of muscle contraction

24
Q

Z-discs do what?

A

separates one sarcomere from
another

25
Q

sarcomere extends from?

A

one Z disc to the next Z disc

26
Q

A Band extends where?

A

the entire length of thick filaments

27
Q

I Band contains what?

A

Thin filaments but no Thick filaments

28
Q

H Band contains?

A

Thick filaments but no Thin filaments

29
Q

Myofibrils are composed of?

A
  1. Contractile proteins (generate force during contraction)
  2. Regulatory proteins (help switch the contractile proteins on and off)
  3. Structural Proteins
    * Keep Thick and Think filaments in proper alignment)
    * Give the myofibrils elasticity
    * Link myofibrils to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix.
30
Q

two Contractile Proteins are?

A

Myosin (Thick filament) and
Actin (Thin filament)

31
Q

Myosin functions as?

A

“motor” protein

32
Q

Motor proteins do what?

A

convert ATP’s energy into mechanical energy = production of force

33
Q

About 300 myosin molecules form what?

A

a single myosin filament

34
Q

Myosin shaped like what?

A

a twisted golf club

35
Q

Myosin heads have what two binding sites?

A
  1. An Actin-Binding site (A)
  2. An ATP Binding site (B)
36
Q

Thin Filaments main component is?

A

Actin which is twisted into a helix

37
Q

Thin filaments are two “Regulatory proteins” called?

A
  1. Tropomyosin rope-like structure
    * During relaxation it covers Actin Binding site
    * This prevents Myosin from binding to Actin
  2. Troponin has three binding sites.
    * During contraction calcium binds to troponin
    * Result: tropomyosin pulled away from Actin exposing Acting binding
    sites
    * Result: myosin can now bind to Actin = muscle contraction
38
Q

Two Structural Proteins are called?

A

1) Titin
*Very elastic can stretch four times in length
Anchors Thick filament to both Z disc and M Line
* Prevents sarcomere overstretching
2) Myomesin:
Molecules form M line which holds Thick filaments in alignment.

39
Q

Skeletal muscles shorten during contraction because?

A

Thick and Thin filaments
slide past one another
“Sliding Filament Mechanism”

40
Q

Muscle contraction occurs because?

A

Myosin heads attach and “walk” along the thin filaments. This “pulls” towards the M line / and pulls both Z discs towards
the M line
Sarcomere shortens / however the lengths of Thin and Thick filaments do not
change.

Anatomy Midterm #1 (4 decks)

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