Intro to the Human Body Flashcards
What does Anatomy mean?
Anatomy = process of cutting
* Anatomy deals with structure of body
What is Physiology?
Physiology deals with function of body parts
What is Cell Biology?
Cellular structure and function
What is Histology?
Microscopic structure of tissues
What is Gross Anatomy?
Structures that can be examined without a microscope
What is Sectional Anatomy?
Internal structure and relationships of the body through the use of sections
What is Systemic Anatomy?
Structure of specific systems of the body ex) nervous system or respiratory system
What are the Levels of Body Organization?
- Chemical
* Atoms
* Molecules: two or more atoms joined together - Cellular
* Molecules combine to form cells
* Cells are basic structural and
functional units of an organism - Tissue
* Groups of cells
* Four basic types
a. Epithelial (covers body surfaces)
b. Connective tissue (supports/ connects)
c. Muscular (contracts)
c. Nervous (carries information) - Organ
*Two or more different types of tissues
* Organs have specific function and
recognizable shapes
* Stomach, heart, liver, lungs, brain,
etc. - System
* Related organs with a common function
* Example: Digestive system - Organismal (organism)
* All parts of human body
functioning together
What are the Eleven Systems of the Human Body?
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
What are the Six Characteristics of Life Processes?
- Metabolism:
* Sum of all chemical processes in body - Responsiveness:
* Able to detect /respond to changes in environment - Movement:
* Includes movement of whole body, - Growth:
* Increase in body size due to:
a. increase in cell size,
b. increase in number of cells
c. amount of material surrounding cells. - Differentiation:
* unspecified cells becoming specialized cells Ex fertilized egg becomes a person - Reproduction:
a. formation of new cells for growth or replacement
b. production of a new individual
What is Anatomical Terminology?
Language that allows clear and
unambiguous description of body
What is the Anatomical Position?
- Subject stands erect
- Head level, eyes facing directly forward
- Lower limbs parallel, feet flat on floor and facing forward
- Upper limbs at sides with palms facing
forward - Terms to describe a reclining body
- Prone position: lying face down
- Supine position: lying face up
What is the Regional Names of Body
- Head: skull and face
- Neck: modified portion of trunk
- Trunk: neck, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic regions
- Upper limb (extremity): shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist, hand
- Lower limb (extremity): buttock, thigh, leg, ankle, foot
- Groin: front surface of body where trunk attaches to thighs.
What are the Planes?
- Planes: imaginary flat surfaces
that pass through body
1. Sagittal plane: divides into right / left
sides. * Sagitta means “arrow” *Midsagittal plane: equal right and
left sides - Parasagittal plane: unequal left
and right sides
2. Frontal plane: divides into front / back
portions
3. Transverse plane: divides into upper/
lower portions
4. Oblique plane: passes through body at
an oblique angle (any angle other than
90° angle)
What is the balloon analogy for the heart?
Thoracic Cavity:
Structure of pleural and pericardial
cavities:
* Cavities are like a balloon.
* Heart (in pericardial cavity) and
Lungs (in pleural cavity) are fist
pushing into balloon,
* Outside layer = parietal layer
* Inside layer = visceral layer
