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Anatomy Midterm #1 > Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Bone does what?

A

support and attachments for muscles
Continuously remodeling. Building new bone and breaking down old bone

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2
Q

Skeletal System is what?

A

framework of bones and cartilages

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3
Q

Osteology is what?

A

Study of bone structure and
treatment of bone disorders

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4
Q

Skeletons Basic Functions are?

A
  1. Support: structural framework for body
  2. Protection: organs from injury
  3. Assistance in Movement: attach to bones and when they contract, result in movement
  4. Mineral storage and release
    * Minerals: calcium and phosphorus
    * 99% of total body calcium
  5. Blood cell production: RBM (a connective tissue) produces RBC, WBC, and platelets
  6. Triglyceride storage: Yellow bone marrow consists of adipose cells storing triglycerides (energy source)
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5
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

Process of blood making

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6
Q

How many bones in adult skeleton?

A

206

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7
Q

What are the five types of bones?

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
  5. Sesamoid bones
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8
Q

Long bone consists of what?

A
  1. Diaphysis: shaft, or body
  2. Epiphysis: Proximal and Distal ends
  3. Metaphysis: Region b/w diaphysis and
    epiphysis
    * In growing bone, it contains
    epiphyseal (growth) plate
  4. Articular Cartilage: hyaline cartilage
    covering part of epiphysis (bone articulates with
    another bone). Reduces friction / absorbs shock
  5. Periosteum: Tough connective tissue
    blood supply, fracture repair, nourish bone ands attachment for ligaments / tendons
  6. Medullary Cavity : Marrow cavity, Contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels
  7. Endosteum: thin membrane that lines medullary cavity
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9
Q

Four Types of Bone Cells are?

A

Osteoprogenitor, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes and Osteoclasts

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10
Q

What is an Osteoprogenitor?

A

Genic = producing
Develop into osteoblasts

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11
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone-building Immature cells, Secrete collagen fibers
and other organic compounds to form extracellular matrix and initiate calcification

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12
Q

Osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts become embedded in extracellular matrix = become osteocytes Mature bone cells, Maintain daily metabolism of bones

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13
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down bone (bone resorption)
Hugh cells made from fusion of 50 monocytes (WBC)

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14
Q

Two types of bone tissue are?

A
  1. Compact bone tissue: dense bone
    * On bone surfaces
    * Compose bulk of long bone diaphysis
    * Protection/support and resists stresses produced by weight and movement.
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15
Q

What are Osteons?

A

concentric lamellae arranged around osteonic (central) canal of blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

Between lamellae rings are spaces called?

A

lacunae (dark brown lining)

17
Q

Radiating from lacunae are small channels called?

A

canaliculi which are filled with extracellular fluid

18
Q

what do Osteocytes fingerlike projections do?

A

Allows osteocytes to communicate with one another

19
Q

What is Spongy bone tissue?

A

Spongy bone tissue aka trabecular bone tissue
Located in bone interior and protected by a covering of compact bone

20
Q

Spongy bone tissue consists of?

A

trabeculae (thin columns)
* Trabeculae composed of lamellae
* Red and Yellow bone marrow spaces b/w trabeculae

21
Q

Osteogenesis is?

A

Osteogenesis: involves ossification

22
Q

Ossification is what?

A

process of bone formation

23
Q

Bone formation follows one of two patterns. Both lead to same structure but just use different methods. What are they?

A

A. Intramembranous ossification
* Bone forms directly with mesenchyme (simple method)
* Flat bones, fascial bones (primarily bones of head)
B. Endochondral ossification (EO)
* Mesenchyme forms hyaline cartilage
* Bone forms within hyaline cartilage
* All other bones of body

24
Q

What is Endochondral ossification?

A

Mesenchymal cells bone and cartilage creation
Differentiate into Chondroblasts (create) cartilage
Osteoblasts create bone

25
Q

Bone Growth in infancy, childhood, adolescence
(A) Growth in Length (Interstitial) what are the 4 zones?

A

Epiphyseal plate = layer of hyaline cartilage consists of four zones
1. Zone of resting cartilage
2. Zone of proliferating cartilage
3. Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
4. Zone of calcified cartilage

25
Q

What are the six steps of Endochondral ossification (EO)

A

Step 1: Development of Cartilage model
*pregnancy Mesenchymal (stem cells) form into a bone like shape
* Mesenchymal cells differentiate
into Chondroblasts (secrete ECM hyaline cartilage (blue bone-like shape)
Step 2: Growth of Cartilage model
* Chondroblasts embedded in hyaline cartilage differentiate into Chondrocytes and undergo rapid cell
division = interstitial growth (increase in length)
Step 3: Primary Ossification (PO) Center
* Surrounding matrix calcifies Chondrocytes die = cartilage begins to disintegrate
* Nutrient artery enters bone =
Osteoprogenitor cells begin to
create Osteoblasts (bone forming cells)
* Osteoblasts replace disintegrating
cartilage with Spongy bone(trabeculae)
Step 4: Medullary Cavity (MC) (marrow)
* Osteoclasts break down spongy bone which creates the
Step 5: Secondary ossification centers
* time of birth, an artery enters the two epiphyses
* Osteoblasts replace epiphyseal Hyaline cartilage with spongy bone.
* Difference: in epiphysis, spongy bone (trabeculae) remains (no cavity created
Step 6: Formation of Articular Cartilage and Epiphyseal
(growth) plate
* Hyaline cartilage that covers epiphyses is now referred to as Articular cartilage
* Hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis (Epiphyseal plate) remains until puberty

26
Q

Chondrocytes are responsible for?

A

cartilage formation

27
Q

What is the Zone of resting cartilage?

A

Small scattered chondrocytes
near epiphysis
* Resting because they don’t
function in bone growth
* Rather they anchor epiphyseal
plate to epiphysis of bone

28
Q

Zone of proliferating
cartilage?

A
  • Larger chondrocytes
    arrange like stacks of
    coins
  • Undergo interstitial
    growth as they divide
29
Q

Zone of calcified cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes are dead and matrix is
calcified
* Osteoclasts and osteoblasts move in
* Osteoclasts dissolve calcified
cartilage
* Osteoblasts replace cartilage with
extracellular matrix
* Result: area firmly cemented to bone
diaphysis = diaphysis longer = bone
has increased in length

Anatomy Midterm #1 (4 decks)

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