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HISTO > MUSCLE TISSUE > Flashcards

MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q
  • Walls of the digestive tract from the middle of the esophagus to the inner anal sphincter
  • Walls of the respiratory tract from the trachea to the alveolar ducts
  • Walls of blood vessels
  • Walls of ducts of glands
  • Arrector pili muscle found in the hair bulb of skin
  • Areola of mammary glands
  • Subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum
  • Urinary bladder
  • Uterus
A

LOCATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLES

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2
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBER
 3 kinds of filaments

A

thin actin, thicker myosin and intermediate filaments

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3
Q

4-8 nm in diameter
o F-actin and calmodulin insert into dense bodies (contain α-actinin)

A

 thin actin filaments

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4
Q

15 nm

A

o thicker myosin filaments

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5
Q

10 nm, generally are
desmin

A

intermediate filaments

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6
Q

 Fusiform or spindle-shaped
 Elongated nucleus situated in their widest
central portion
 Vary in their length in the different organs
(20 u – 500 u)

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBER

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7
Q

 Non-striated and involuntary
 Capable of slow, sustained, resistant to
fatigue contraction
 Muscle fiber is the structural and functional
unit

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

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8
Q

 Elongated and oriented parallel to its
direction of action
 Cell membrane is known as sarcolemma
 Nucleus is elongated and is parallel to the
long axis of the muscle fiber

A

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE
FIBER

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9
Q

Cytoplasm is known as sarcoplasm
 strongly acidophilic due to its myoglobin
pigment
 Contractility is its fundamental property
 contraction generates heat

A

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE
FIBER

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10
Q

 Movements
 Locomotion
 Maintenance of body posture

A

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES

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11
Q
  • under the control of the CNS
A

 Voluntary

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12
Q
  • contract in response to stimulation of the autonomic nervous system
A

 Involuntary

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13
Q
  • presence of transverse or cross-striations known as dark and light bands
A

Striated

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14
Q
  • no cross-striations but with longitudinal striations
A

Smooth

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15
Q

 Striated and voluntary
 Forms the main bulk of the body musculature
 Generally attached to the bone except for the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, upper esophagus and some of the facial expression muscles

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

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16
Q

 Long cylindrical and multinucleated cells
 10-100 u
 Myoblasts; satellite cells
 Muscle fibers do not branch

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER

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17
Q

 On cross-section
* fibers appear almost equal in size
* nuclei are located at the periphery or beneath the sarcolemma and may be more than 2

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER

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18
Q
  • the dense CT surrounding the whole muscle
A

Epimysium

19
Q
  • the thin septa that extend to surround each fascicle
A

Perimysium

20
Q
  • the thin septa that extend to surround each fascicle
A

Perimysium

21
Q
  • the delicate reticulum surrounding individual fibers
A

Endomysium

22
Q

 Fine longitudinal striations and cross-striations are detectable and both are due to the arrangement of myofibril
 Longitudinal sections show heavily stained dark bands alternating with relatively pale bands are seen

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER

23
Q

 Dark bands are designated A-bands (myosin)

A
  • H band
24
Q

 Lighter staining bands are I-bands (actin)

A
  • Z line
25
Q

 Structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle
 The segments of myofibrils between successive Z-lines
 Includes an A-band and half of the 2 contiguous I-bands

A

SARCOMERE

26
Q
  • free ends are attached to the Z-line, then towards the A-band up to the edge of the H-zone
A

ACTIN (THIN) MYOFILAMENTS

27
Q
  • occupy the entire A-band
A

MYOSIN (THICK) MYOFILAMENTS

28
Q
  • Composed of F-actin, tropomyosin and troponin complex (TnT, TnC, TnI)
  • Attached to the α-actinin of the Z disc
A

MYOSIN (THICK) MYOFILAMENTS

29
Q
  • Bound to proteins of M line and to the Z disc by a large protein called titin (with spring-like domains)
  • Consists of many myosin bundled together along their rod-like tails with their heads exposed and directed towards thin filaments
A

MYOSIN (THICK) MYOFILAMENTS

30
Q

 Actin filaments slide past the myosin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere
 H zone becomes narrow and may be obliterated
 I-band also becomes narrow
 A-band remains constant during relaxation and contraction

A

SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM

31
Q

 Corresponds to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cell types
 Consists of membrane-bound sarcotubules that forms a canalicular network around each myofibril

A

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

32
Q

 Devoid of ribosomes
 Site of sequestration of calcium during muscle relaxation and for release into the sarcoplasm of free calcium ions that trigger contraction in response to a nerve impulse.

A

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

33
Q

 Many mitochondria; abundant myoglobin
 Oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids
 continuous contraction for prolonged periods such as postural muscles at the back

A

TYPE I OR SLOW, RED OXIDATIVE FIBERS

34
Q

 Many mitochondria, myoglobin and glycogen
 Both oxidative and anaerobic glycolysis
 For rapid contraction and short burst of activity such as in athletes

A

TYPE IIA OR FAST, INTERMEDIATE OXIDATIVE-GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS

35
Q
  • maintain firm cohesion of successive cellular units of the myocardium
  • transmits the pull of one contractile unit to the next cellular unit along the long axis of the myofibrils
A

 Intercalated discs functions

36
Q

 Modified cardiac muscle fibers that are specialized for impulse conduction

A

PURKINJE MYOCYTES

37
Q

 Located in the sinoatrial node at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium
 Atrioventricular node at the lower part of the interatrial septum
 Internodal tracts and bundle of His

A

LOCATION OF PURKINJE MYOCYTES

38
Q

 Striated and involuntary
 Thickest layer of the heart, the myocardium
 Branching and anastomosing fiber

A

Cardiac Muscles

39
Q

 Generally have single nucleus per cell
 Ovoid nucleus
 nucleus are centrally located unlike the skeletal muscle
 Cross-section show moderate variation in the
size of muscle fiber
Each cell is joined end to end by a
surface specialization called intercalated
discs

A

Cardiac Muscles

40
Q

 Fine longitudinal striations and transverse
striations are also found
 Sarcomere is also the structural and
functional unit
 The component fibers have inherent
automicity and rhythmicity

A

Cardiac Muscles

41
Q

Myofibrils closely resemble those of the
skeletal muscle
 Sarcoplasmic reticulum is present but not as
highly developed as skeletal muscle

A

Cardiac Muscles

42
Q

individual fibers are off set such that the
wide portion of the cells are adjacent to
the thin tapering end of neighboring cells

A

Smooth Muscle Fiber
 When in bundles or in extensive layers

43
Q

appear as a mosaic of
irregular polygons of varying sizes
 with nuclei found only in larger crosssections

A

Smooth Muscle Fiber
So in transverse sections

HISTO (4 decks)

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