MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards by CHARLENE SAN JOSE

give the functional characteristics of muscle tissue

excitability or irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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the ability to receive and respond to
stimuli

Excitability, or irritability

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the most important function of muscle tissue

contractility

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– the ability to shorten forcibly

contractility

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– the ability to be stretched or extended

extensibility

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the ability to recoil and resume the original resting
length

elasticity

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allow movement to happen, responsible for the locomotion, and movement of the body including the transfer of substances.

muscle tissue

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give the 3 types of muscle tissue

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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____ muscles do branch, uninucleated, and striated

cardiac

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shape of the cardiac muscle

cylindrical but shorter

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the split are of cardiac muscle that forms a distance is called _____ which also represents the gap junction

intercalated discs

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describe and indicate how many nuclei are there in cardiac muscle

one up to two nuclei located at the center

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the 2 types of muscle tissue that are involuntary moving

cardiac and smooth muscle

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_______ muscle cells run the full length of a
muscle

skeletal

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a tyope of muscle tissue in which the striations are most visible

skeletal muscle

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Muscle fiber is cylindrical but longer

skeletal muscle

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long continuous muscle fibers. Multinucleated and is located peripherally

skeletal muscle

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found in muscles associated with
the skeleton

skeletal muscle

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also called visceral muscle

smooth muscle

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describe the shape of the smooth muscle and its nuclei

smooth muscles are spindled-shaped and is uninucleated

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two types of muscle tissues that are uninuclleated

smooth and cardiac muscle

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nucleus is found at the thickest part of the cell - center

smooth muscle

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can be found in walls of hollow organs,
i.e. stomach, intestine, uterus,
ureter

smooth muscle

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Only muscle tissue type that is non-striated

smooth muscle

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group of muscle fiber -

FASCICLE or BUNDLES

enclose the entire (dense irregular) fascicle

epimysium

surrounds the individual fascicle

perimysium

surrounds each muscle fibers

endomysium

surrounds each muscle fibers

endomysium

3 connective tissue that would enclosed muscle connective tissue covering

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

myrofibrils are arranged in

parallel

Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle tissue

myofibril

two types of band

Dark A band and Light I band

Dark A band is also known as

anisotropic band

Light I band is also known as

Isotropic Band

They are responsible for striated

Dark A bond and Light I bond

small contractile unit found in myofibril

sarcomeres

Where can we find sarcomeres?

between the two Z-discs

Z disc is found in what band?

I band

H-zone is found in what band

A band

is a threadlike structures

myofilaments

thick filaments are composed of protein called

myosin

thin filaments are composed of protein called

actin

Each myosin molecule has a ______tail and _____ heads

rod like, two globular

Thick filament: two interwoven, heavy polypeptide chains are can be found in its ____

tail

Thick filament: two smaller, light polypeptide chains called cross bridges are can be found in its ____

heads

there are how many polypeptide in light polypeptide chain

thick filaments has a total of ____ polypeptide chains

6 (2 for tail, 2 for each head)

are regulatory subunits bound to actin

tropomyosin and troponin

____is the principle protein type in thin filament bcoz it contain binding site for myosin

ACTIN

when actin and myosin interact, ______ will be released resulting to a muscle movement

CALCIUM

when actin and myosin interact, ______ will be released resulting to a muscle movement

CALCIUM

a region where There wouldn’t be interaction or overlapping, light and clear

H-zone

1 tubule and pair of terminal of cisternae is called

TRIAD

where can we find triad

only in skeletal muscle

where can we find dyad

only in cardiac muscle

Why smooth muscle doesn't have dyad or triad?

because it lacks T-Tubules

t-tubule is short for

transverse tubule

captures and stores calcium ions

sarcoplasmic reticulum

_____that mostly runs longitudinally and surrounds each myofibril

SR smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Functions in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels

sarcoplasmic reticulum

__ are continuous with the sarcolemma

T tubules

__ are continuous with the sarcolemma

T tubules

They conduct impulses to the deepest regions of the muscle

T tubules

These impulses signal for the release of Ca2+from adjacent terminal cisternae

t-tubules

at the side of t-tubule there is a _____

terminal cisternae

at the side of t-tubule there is a _____

terminal cisternae

3 steps of muscle contraction

excitation, contraction, relaxation

which step focus on the opening of calcium ion channels

excitation

which step focus on the opening of calcium ion channels

excitation

which step focuses on the binding of calcium ion to regulatory proteins such as tropomyosin and troponin to exposed the binding site of actin/myosin

contraction

which step does loss of calcium ions occur

relaxation

the muscle changes in length (decreasing the angle of the joint) and moves the load

isotonic contraction

the muscle shortens and does work (most common happen)

concentric contractions

Eccentric contractions

the muscle contracts as it lengthens

where does eccentric contracting muscle commonly found?

(found at the back muscle and neck muscle)

Tension increases to the muscle’s capacity, but the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens

isometric contraction

Occurs if the load is greater than the tension the muscle is able to develop

isometric contraction

when does isometric contraction commonly happen?

walking downhill

is the only source used directly for contractile activity

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

___ fibers use aerobic respiration/pathway

oxidative

___ fibers use anaerobic glycolytic pathway

glycolytic

have slow acting myosin ATPases, and are fatigue resistant

slow oxidative fibers

have fast myosin ATPases, and have moderate resistance to fatigue

fast oxidative fibers

have fast myosin ATPases, and are easily fatigued

fast glycolytic fibers

slow oxidative fibers are also called as

slow twitch/red muscle fibers

fast oxidative fibers are also called as

intermediate fibers

fast glycolytic fibers are also called as

fast twitch/white muscle fibers

presence of myofibrils, absence of sarcomeres lacks of t tubules No troponin complex in thiin thin filaments

smooth muscle

ratio of thin:thick filaments in smooth muscle

15:1

ratio of thin:thick filaments

6:1

Thick and thin filaments are arranged ___, causing smooth muscle to contract in a corkscrew manner

diagonally

in smooth muscle, it substitute for z discs

dense bodies

a specialized cell in smooth muscle tissue that acts as a PACEMAKE is called

interstitial cells of cajal

interstistial cells of cajal are equivalent to ____ in cardiac muscle

purkinje fibers

The cells of ____smooth muscle, commonly called visceral muscle: o Contract rhythmically as a unit o Are electrically coupled to one another via gap junctions o Often exhibit spontaneous action potentials o arrange in opposing sheets and exhibits stress-relaxation resonse

single-unit

Multiunit smooth muscles are found in

o In large airways to the lungs o In large arteries o In arrector pili muscles o Attached to hair follicles o In the internal eye muscles

multi unit smooth muscle Their characteristics include:

o Rare gap junctions o Infrequent spontaneous depolarizations o Structurally independent muscle fibers o A rich nerve supply, which, with a number of muscle fibers, forms motor units o Graded contractions in response to neural stimuli

smooth muscle's Plasma membranes have pouch like infoldings called

caveoli