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HISTOLOGY - MIDTERM > MUSCLE TISSUE > Flashcards

MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

give the functional characteristics of muscle tissue

A
  • excitability or irritability
  • contractility
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
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2
Q

the ability to receive and respond to
stimuli

A

Excitability, or irritability

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3
Q

the most important function of muscle tissue

A

contractility

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4
Q

– the ability to shorten forcibly

A

contractility

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5
Q

– the ability to be stretched or extended

A

extensibility

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6
Q

the ability to recoil and resume the original resting
length

A

elasticity

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7
Q

allow movement to happen, responsible for the locomotion, and movement of the body including the transfer of substances.

A

muscle tissue

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8
Q

give the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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9
Q

____ muscles do branch, uninucleated, and striated

A

cardiac

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10
Q

shape of the cardiac muscle

A

cylindrical but shorter

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11
Q

the split are of cardiac muscle that forms a distance is called _____ which also represents the gap junction

A

intercalated discs

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12
Q

describe and indicate how many nuclei are there in cardiac muscle

A

one up to two nuclei located at the center

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13
Q

the 2 types of muscle tissue that are involuntary moving

A

cardiac and smooth muscle

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14
Q

_______ muscle cells run the full length of a
muscle

A

skeletal

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15
Q

a tyope of muscle tissue in which the striations are most visible

A

skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Muscle fiber is cylindrical but longer

A

skeletal muscle

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17
Q

long continuous muscle fibers. Multinucleated and is located peripherally

A

skeletal muscle

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18
Q

found in muscles associated with
the skeleton

A

skeletal muscle

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19
Q

also called visceral muscle

A

smooth muscle

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20
Q

describe the shape of the smooth muscle and its nuclei

A

smooth muscles are spindled-shaped and is uninucleated

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21
Q

two types of muscle tissues that are uninuclleated

A

smooth and cardiac muscle

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22
Q

nucleus is found at the thickest part of the cell - center

A

smooth muscle

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23
Q

can be found in walls of hollow organs,
i.e. stomach, intestine, uterus,
ureter

A

smooth muscle

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24
Q

Only muscle tissue type that is non-striated

A

smooth muscle

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25
Q

group of muscle fiber -

A

FASCICLE or BUNDLES

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26
Q

enclose the entire (dense irregular) fascicle

A

epimysium

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27
Q

surrounds the individual fascicle

A

perimysium

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28
Q

surrounds each muscle fibers

A

endomysium

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29
Q

surrounds each muscle fibers

A

endomysium

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30
Q

3 connective tissue that would enclosed muscle connective tissue covering

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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31
Q

myrofibrils are arranged in

A

parallel

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32
Q

Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle tissue

A

myofibril

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33
Q

two types of band

A

Dark A band and Light I band

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34
Q

Dark A band is also known as

A

anisotropic band

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35
Q

Light I band is also known as

A

Isotropic Band

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36
Q

They are responsible for striated

A

Dark A bond and Light I bond

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37
Q

small contractile unit found in myofibril

A

sarcomeres

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38
Q

Where can we find sarcomeres?

A

between the two Z-discs

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39
Q

Z disc is found in what band?

A

I band

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40
Q

H-zone is found in what band

A

A band

41
Q

is a threadlike structures

A

myofilaments

42
Q

thick filaments are composed of protein called

A

myosin

43
Q

thin filaments are composed of protein called

A

actin

44
Q

Each myosin molecule has a ______tail and _____ heads

A

rod like, two globular

45
Q

Thick filament:

two interwoven, heavy polypeptide chains are can be found in its ____

A

tail

46
Q

Thick filament:

two smaller, light polypeptide chains called
cross bridges are can be found in its ____

A

heads

47
Q

there are how many polypeptide in light polypeptide chain

A

2

48
Q

thick filaments has a total of ____ polypeptide chains

A

6 (2 for tail, 2 for each head)

49
Q

are regulatory subunits bound to
actin

A

tropomyosin and troponin

50
Q

____is the principle protein type in thin filament bcoz it contain binding site for myosin

A

ACTIN

51
Q

when actin and myosin interact, ______ will be released resulting to a muscle movement

A

CALCIUM

52
Q

when actin and myosin interact, ______ will be released resulting to a muscle movement

A

CALCIUM

53
Q

a region where There wouldn’t be interaction or overlapping, light and clear

A

H-zone

54
Q

1 tubule and pair of terminal of cisternae is called

A

TRIAD

55
Q

where can we find triad

A

only in skeletal muscle

56
Q

where can we find dyad

A

only in cardiac muscle

57
Q

Why smooth muscle doesn’t have dyad or triad?

A

because it lacks T-Tubules

58
Q

t-tubule is short for

A

transverse tubule

59
Q

captures and stores calcium ions

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

60
Q

_____that mostly runs
longitudinally and surrounds each myofibril

A

SR smooth endoplasmic reticulum

61
Q

Functions in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

62
Q

__ are continuous with the sarcolemma

A

T tubules

63
Q

__ are continuous with the sarcolemma

A

T tubules

64
Q

They conduct impulses to the deepest regions of the muscle

A

T tubules

65
Q

These impulses signal for the release of Ca2+from adjacent
terminal cisternae

A

t-tubules

66
Q

at the side of t-tubule there is a _____

A

terminal cisternae

66
Q

at the side of t-tubule there is a _____

A

terminal cisternae

67
Q

3 steps of muscle contraction

A

excitation, contraction, relaxation

68
Q

which step focus on the opening of calcium ion channels

A

excitation

69
Q

which step focus on the opening of calcium ion channels

A

excitation

70
Q

which step focuses on the binding of calcium ion to regulatory proteins such as tropomyosin and troponin to exposed the binding site of actin/myosin

A

contraction

71
Q

which step does loss of calcium ions occur

A

relaxation

72
Q

the muscle changes in length
(decreasing the angle of the joint) and moves the load

A

isotonic contraction

73
Q

the muscle shortens and
does work (most common happen)

A

concentric contractions

74
Q

Eccentric contractions

A

the muscle contracts as it
lengthens

75
Q

where does eccentric contracting muscle commonly found?

A

(found at the back muscle and neck muscle)

76
Q

Tension increases to the muscle’s capacity, but the muscle
neither shortens nor lengthens

A

isometric contraction

77
Q

Occurs if the load is greater than the tension the muscle is able
to develop

A

isometric contraction

78
Q

when does isometric contraction commonly happen?

A

walking downhill

79
Q

is the only source used directly for contractile activity

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

80
Q

___ fibers use aerobic respiration/pathway

A

oxidative

81
Q

___ fibers use anaerobic glycolytic pathway

A

glycolytic

82
Q

have slow acting myosin
ATPases, and are fatigue resistant

A

slow oxidative fibers

83
Q

have fast myosin
ATPases, and have moderate resistance to fatigue

A

fast oxidative fibers

84
Q

have fast myosin
ATPases, and are easily fatigued

A

fast glycolytic fibers

85
Q

slow oxidative fibers are also called as

A

slow twitch/red muscle fibers

86
Q

fast oxidative fibers are also called as

A

intermediate fibers

87
Q

fast glycolytic fibers are also called as

A

fast twitch/white muscle fibers

88
Q

presence of myofibrils,
absence of sarcomeres
lacks of t tubules
No troponin complex in thiin thin filaments

A

smooth muscle

89
Q

ratio of thin:thick filaments in smooth muscle

A

15:1

90
Q

ratio of thin:thick filaments

A

6:1

91
Q

Thick and thin filaments are arranged ___, causing
smooth muscle to contract in a corkscrew manner

A

diagonally

92
Q

in smooth muscle, it substitute for z discs

A

dense bodies

93
Q

a specialized cell in smooth muscle tissue that acts as a PACEMAKE is called

A

interstitial cells of cajal

94
Q

interstistial cells of cajal are equivalent to ____ in cardiac muscle

A

purkinje fibers

95
Q

The cells of ____smooth muscle, commonly called visceral
muscle:
o Contract rhythmically as a unit
o Are electrically coupled to one another via gap junctions
o Often exhibit spontaneous action potentials
o arrange in opposing sheets and exhibits stress-relaxation resonse

A

single-unit

96
Q

Multiunit smooth muscles are found in

A

o In large airways to the lungs
o In large arteries
o In arrector pili muscles
o Attached to hair follicles
o In the internal eye muscles

97
Q

multi unit smooth muscle
Their characteristics include:

A

o Rare gap junctions
o Infrequent spontaneous depolarizations
o Structurally independent muscle fibers
o A rich nerve supply, which, with a number of muscle
fibers, forms motor units
o Graded contractions in response to neural stimuli

98
Q

smooth muscle’s Plasma membranes have pouch like infoldings called

A

caveoli

HISTOLOGY - MIDTERM (4 decks)

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