HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD Flashcards
1
Q
functions of blood
A
- To transport nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues.
o Oxygen from the lungs
o Nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract - To convey hormones, cytokines, chemokines, and other soluble regulatory molecules.
- To transport leukocytes and antibodies through the tissues.
- To maintain homeostasis (acid-base balance)
2
Q
is the fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system
A
blood
3
Q
blood is Form of _____ connective tissue that consist cellular components.
A
loose
4
Q
a fluid intercellular substance which is the matrix called
A
plasma
5
Q
in a centrifuged blood, the white layer at the middle is known as the
A
buffy coat
6
Q
what are the major plasma proteins
A
albumin, globulins (alpha&beta, gamma), complement proteins, clotting factors, plasma lipoproteins
7
Q
a plasma protein that maintain the colloid osmotic pressure
A
albumin
8
Q
plasma protein that transport insoluble metabolities
A
albumin
9
Q
the smallest but abundant plasma protein
A
albumin
10
Q
it binds pre-fatty acids and steroid hormones
A
albumin
11
Q
plasma protein that bind and transport molecules
A
albumin
12
Q
a carrier protein; stabilizes the extracellular fluid
A
albumin
13
Q
a globulin that
Transport metal ions, protein-bound
lipids, lipid-soluble vitamins
Bind and transport substances
A
alpha and beta
14
Q
globulin that plays a role of antibodies for host defense
A
gamma
15
Q
a plasma protein that plays a role in destruction of microorganisms
A
complement protein
16
Q
complement protein has how many proteins
A
more than 20
17
Q
a plasma protein that is involve in inflammatory and immune response
A
complement proteins
18
Q
it assist in the cascade or complement pathway, that are importnat in the destruction of microorganisms
A
a plasma protein that has a role in formation of blood clots
19
Q
clotting factors; fibrinogen
A
is the precursor of fibrin, a protein needed to complete the process of blood clotting
20
Q
plasma protein that transport triglycerides and cholesterol to/from liver
A
plasma lipoproteins
21
Q
is plasma lipoprotein soluble in water?
A
no
22
Q
what are the formed elements of blood
A
erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes
23
Q
percentage of plasma in blood
A
54 percent
24
Q
percentage of formed elements in blood
A
46 percent
25
percentage of leukocytes/white blood cells in blood
1 percentt
26
percentage of erythrocytes in blood
45 percent
27
other name of platelets
thrombocytes
28
leukocytes are _____when they are in circulated blood
spherical
29
wbc's are (larger, smaller) in blood smear because they are flattened
larger
30
2 types of leukocytes based on granules
granulocytes and agranulocytes
31
what are the granulocytes
Not Everyone is Bossy
N - neutrophil
E - eosinophil
B - basophil
32
what are the granulocytes
lymphocyte, monocyte
33
rank the leukocytes according to their abundancy
Never Let Monkey Eat Banana
N - neutrophil (60%) 40 - 60%
L - lymphocyte (27 )20 - 40
M - monocyte (8) 2 - 8
E - eosinophil (4) 1-4
B - basophil (<1) 0.5 - 1
34
is the precursor of the fibrils (the protein needed to complete the final step of blood clotting.)
fibrinogen
35
routine staining in blood
Gensa
Jenner
Wright
Leishman
36
routine staining that can be used in both blood and BONE MARROW SMEAR
gensa and wright
37
basophilic dye
methylene blue
38
acidophilic dye
eosin
39
lifespan of erythrocytes
about 120 days
40
due to the limit of erythrocytes' lifespan, they cannot produce ATP. Therefore, they will undergo ____or programmed cell death
apoptosis
41
size and shape of erythrocytes
biconcave disk, 8 μm diameter, 2μm at thickest point, 1 at thinnest
42
the shape of RBC is maintained by a __ inside the plasma membrane
cytoskeletal complex
43
2 cytoskeletal complex vital in maintaining rbc's shape
spectrin and actin
44
among the formed elements of blood, which are flexible enough to bend and pass through small capillaries
RBC
45
appearance of rbc in Light microscope
Pink circle with light center (center
is thinner because of the biconcave shape). NO NUCLEUS.
46
appearance of rbc in TEM
solid dark grey cytoplasm because of highly concentrated hemoglobin
47
is the result of intracellular influx of calcium leading to cell shrinkage
Apoptosis
48
life span of thrombocytes
about 10 days
49
IT IS THE SMALLEST AMONG THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD
platelets
50
no nucleus but may contain cytoplasmic organelles
platelets
51
2-3 μm in diameter. Non-nucleated
cell fragments derived from cytoplasm of a very large cell, the
megakaryocyte, in bone marrow
platelets
52
appearance of platelets in Light microscope
Small basophilic fragments, often
appearing in clusters.
53
___ granules of neutrophil contain antimicrobial defensins that has regulatory functions such as the recruitment to site of inflammation, control of chemotaxis, and bactericidal activity.
specific
54
specific granules of leuokocytes
Type IV collagenase
(aids migration)
Lactoferrin
(sequesters iron)
Phospholipase A2
(leukotriene synthesis)
Lysozyme (digests
bacterial cell wall)
55
non-specific granules of neuthrophil
Lysozyme
Acid hydrolase
Myeloperoxidase
Elastase
56
___ granules are "primary granules or azurophilic granules" - responsible in killing and digesting ingested microbes
non-specific
57
enzymes are classified as ____ in non-specific grnules
hydrolytic enzymes
58
About 9-12 μm in diameter (thus
larger than RBC). Nucleus long and multi-lobed (usually 2-4
lobes). The Cytoplasm has small, neutrally stained specific
granules. Non-specific granules are azurophilic.
neutrophil
59
granules in neuthrophil are
neutrally stained
60
how many lobes does neutrophil has
2- lobes
61
most distinctive picture under the light microscope is the presence of fine specific granules in their cytoplasm.
neutrophil
62
it has secretory vesicles
neutrophil
63
bactericidal properties of neutrophil that are actually lysosomes
phagocytase
64
contains lysosomal enzymes that are intended for use within the cell (primary granules)
azurophilic
65
eosinophil life span
< 2 weeks
66
mediator of inflammatory responses becoz IgE would bind with it
eosinophil
67
proteins that will evade and paralize helmintjic parasites
specific granules of eosinophil
68
About 10-14 μm in diameter. Bilobed nucleus. The cytoplasm has prominent pink/red specific
granules (stained with eosin dye). If the smear is not stained
properly, the granules may be brownish.
eosinophil
69
granules found here are more abundant compared to basophil
eosinophil
70
granules are uniformed in size
eosinophil
71
they defend the body by taken up and breaking down antigen antibody complexes
eosinophil
72
Azurophilic is fewer and smaller than their granules
Limited phagocytic
eosinophil
73
how many lobes does eosinophil has
2-3 lobes, usually 2
74
life span of basophil
1-2 years
75
nucleus is U-shaped or J-shaped, but sometimes appear bilobed
basophil
76
granules are larger but fewer granules
basophil
77
specific granules of basophil
Histamine
Heparin
Eosinophil chemotactic
factor
Phospholipids for
synthesis of
leukotrienes
78
About 8-10 μm in diameter. The
cytoplasm contains large, purple/black specific granules (stained with the basic dye) that are larger than but not as numerous as those of eosinophils. The nucleus is usually
bilobed, but usually is partially obscured by granules, which can lie over it.
basophil
79
function: Allergies and anaphylaxis (hypersensitivity reaction)
basophil
80
true o false:
some basophil's granules has myelin figure content
true
81
life span of a lymphocyte
variable (few days to several years)
82
Small _____(about 90% of
____you will see) are ~8 μm in diameter, while large may be up to about 15 μm. Round, dense nucleus
(abundant heterochromatin). The cytoplasm of a small ___ is a narrow rim around the nucleus, and when well
stained is pale blue
lymphocytes
83
cytoplasm is basophilic, nucleus is large but relatively pale
lymphocyte
84
__ lymphocytes have high cytoplasm ratio
small
85
qcytoplasm is more extensive, lower nuclear cytoplasm ratio
large lymphocytes
86
functions as cellular and humoral immunity, AS B-CELLS AND T-CELLS
lymphocytes
87
may differentiate into tissue plasma cells which make antibodies. Some ____ become memory cells. Humoral immunity
B-cells
88
T-lymphocytes may differentiate into
cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells
89
In TEM appearance: The cytoplasm doesn't appear to be very active, containing mainly mitochondria and free ribosomes.
lymphcytes
90
act as the principal agent orbody's immune reponse
limphocyte
91
Small lymphocyte mostly found on
blood
92
<----- cytoplasm consist of extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum which are involve in synthesis and transfer of antibodies
lymphocytes
93
a bean-shaped wbc
monocytes
94
lifespan of monocyte
few days in blood, several months in connective tissu
95
About 16 μm in smears, thus the
largest leukocyte. Large, eccentric nucleus oval, kidney-shaped
or horseshoe-shaped, with delicate chromatin that is less dense
than that of ____. Pale cytoplasm, often grayish, may
contain occasional stained granules (lysosomes = azurophilic
granules). Large ____may resemble monocytes, but
the ____nucleus is usually denser
lymphocyte
96
functions of monocyte
o Migrate into tissues and constitute mononuclear
phagocyte system that help destroy foreign bodies
and maintain or remodel tissues and Mediate
inflammatory response
o Tissue macrophages Kupfer cells (liver) Osteoclasts
(bone), Dust cells (lungs),Microglia
o (brain),
o Antigen presenting cells: Dendritic Cells, Langerhans
cells
97
Capable of continuous produce of azurophilic granules
monocyte
98
TEM appearance: Cytoplasm contains mitochondria and some
small lysosomes.
monocyte
99
TEM appearance: Cytoplasm contains mitochondria and some
small lysosomes.
monocyte
