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HISTOLOGY - MIDTERM > HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD > Flashcards

HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

functions of blood

A
  1. To transport nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues.
    o Oxygen from the lungs
    o Nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract
  2. To convey hormones, cytokines, chemokines, and other soluble regulatory molecules.
  3. To transport leukocytes and antibodies through the tissues.
  4. To maintain homeostasis (acid-base balance)
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2
Q

is the fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system

A

blood

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3
Q

blood is Form of _____ connective tissue that consist cellular components.

A

loose

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4
Q

a fluid intercellular substance which is the matrix called

A

plasma

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5
Q

in a centrifuged blood, the white layer at the middle is known as the

A

buffy coat

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6
Q

what are the major plasma proteins

A

albumin, globulins (alpha&beta, gamma), complement proteins, clotting factors, plasma lipoproteins

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7
Q

a plasma protein that maintain the colloid osmotic pressure

A

albumin

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8
Q

plasma protein that transport insoluble metabolities

A

albumin

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9
Q

the smallest but abundant plasma protein

A

albumin

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10
Q

it binds pre-fatty acids and steroid hormones

A

albumin

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11
Q

plasma protein that bind and transport molecules

A

albumin

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12
Q

a carrier protein; stabilizes the extracellular fluid

A

albumin

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13
Q

a globulin that
 Transport metal ions, protein-bound
lipids, lipid-soluble vitamins
 Bind and transport substances

A

alpha and beta

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14
Q

globulin that plays a role of antibodies for host defense

A

gamma

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15
Q

a plasma protein that plays a role in destruction of microorganisms

A

complement protein

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16
Q

complement protein has how many proteins

A

more than 20

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17
Q

a plasma protein that is involve in inflammatory and immune response

A

complement proteins

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18
Q

it assist in the cascade or complement pathway, that are importnat in the destruction of microorganisms

A

a plasma protein that has a role in formation of blood clots

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19
Q

clotting factors; fibrinogen

A

is the precursor of fibrin, a protein needed to complete the process of blood clotting

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20
Q

plasma protein that transport triglycerides and cholesterol to/from liver

A

plasma lipoproteins

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21
Q

is plasma lipoprotein soluble in water?

A

no

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22
Q

what are the formed elements of blood

A

erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes

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23
Q

percentage of plasma in blood

A

54 percent

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24
Q

percentage of formed elements in blood

A

46 percent

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25
Q

percentage of leukocytes/white blood cells in blood

A

1 percentt

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26
Q

percentage of erythrocytes in blood

A

45 percent

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27
Q

other name of platelets

A

thrombocytes

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28
Q

leukocytes are _____when they are in circulated blood

A

spherical

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29
Q

wbc’s are (larger, smaller) in blood smear because they are flattened

A

larger

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30
Q

2 types of leukocytes based on granules

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

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31
Q

what are the granulocytes

A

Not Everyone is Bossy
N - neutrophil
E - eosinophil
B - basophil

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32
Q

what are the granulocytes

A

lymphocyte, monocyte

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33
Q

rank the leukocytes according to their abundancy

A

Never Let Monkey Eat Banana
N - neutrophil (60%) 40 - 60%
L - lymphocyte (27 )20 - 40
M - monocyte (8) 2 - 8
E - eosinophil (4) 1-4
B - basophil (<1) 0.5 - 1

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34
Q

is the precursor of the fibrils (the protein needed to complete the final step of blood clotting.)

A

fibrinogen

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35
Q

routine staining in blood

A

Gensa
Jenner
Wright
Leishman

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36
Q

routine staining that can be used in both blood and BONE MARROW SMEAR

A

gensa and wright

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37
Q

basophilic dye

A

methylene blue

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38
Q

acidophilic dye

A

eosin

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39
Q

lifespan of erythrocytes

A

about 120 days

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40
Q

due to the limit of erythrocytes’ lifespan, they cannot produce ATP. Therefore, they will undergo ____or programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

41
Q

size and shape of erythrocytes

A

biconcave disk, 8 μm diameter, 2μm at thickest point, 1 at thinnest

42
Q

the shape of RBC is maintained by a __ inside the plasma membrane

A

cytoskeletal complex

43
Q

2 cytoskeletal complex vital in maintaining rbc’s shape

A

spectrin and actin

44
Q

among the formed elements of blood, which are flexible enough to bend and pass through small capillaries

A

RBC

45
Q

appearance of rbc in Light microscope

A

Pink circle with light center (center
is thinner because of the biconcave shape). NO NUCLEUS.

46
Q

appearance of rbc in TEM

A

solid dark grey cytoplasm because of highly concentrated hemoglobin

47
Q

is the result of intracellular influx of calcium leading to cell shrinkage

A

Apoptosis

48
Q

life span of thrombocytes

A

about 10 days

49
Q

IT IS THE SMALLEST AMONG THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD

A

platelets

50
Q

no nucleus but may contain cytoplasmic organelles

A

platelets

51
Q

2-3 μm in diameter. Non-nucleated
cell fragments derived from cytoplasm of a very large cell, the
megakaryocyte, in bone marrow

A

platelets

52
Q

appearance of platelets in Light microscope

A

Small basophilic fragments, often
appearing in clusters.

53
Q

___ granules of neutrophil contain antimicrobial defensins that has regulatory functions such as the recruitment to site of inflammation, control of chemotaxis, and bactericidal activity.

A

specific

54
Q

specific granules of leuokocytes

A

 Type IV collagenase
(aids migration)
 Lactoferrin
(sequesters iron)
 Phospholipase A2
(leukotriene synthesis)
 Lysozyme (digests
bacterial cell wall)

55
Q

non-specific granules of neuthrophil

A

Lysozyme
 Acid hydrolase
 Myeloperoxidase
 Elastase

56
Q

___ granules are “primary granules or azurophilic granules” - responsible in killing and digesting ingested microbes

A

non-specific

57
Q

enzymes are classified as ____ in non-specific grnules

A

hydrolytic enzymes

58
Q

About 9-12 μm in diameter (thus
larger than RBC). Nucleus long and multi-lobed (usually 2-4
lobes). The Cytoplasm has small, neutrally stained specific
granules. Non-specific granules are azurophilic.

A

neutrophil

59
Q

granules in neuthrophil are

A

neutrally stained

60
Q

how many lobes does neutrophil has

A

2- lobes

61
Q

most distinctive picture under the light microscope is the presence of fine specific granules in their cytoplasm.

A

neutrophil

62
Q

it has secretory vesicles

A

neutrophil

63
Q

bactericidal properties of neutrophil that are actually lysosomes

A

phagocytase

64
Q

contains lysosomal enzymes that are intended for use within the cell (primary granules)

A

azurophilic

65
Q

eosinophil life span

A

< 2 weeks

66
Q

mediator of inflammatory responses becoz IgE would bind with it

A

eosinophil

67
Q

proteins that will evade and paralize helmintjic parasites

A

specific granules of eosinophil

68
Q

About 10-14 μm in diameter. Bilobed nucleus. The cytoplasm has prominent pink/red specific
granules (stained with eosin dye). If the smear is not stained
properly, the granules may be brownish.

A

eosinophil

69
Q

granules found here are more abundant compared to basophil

A

eosinophil

70
Q

granules are uniformed in size

A

eosinophil

71
Q

they defend the body by taken up and breaking down antigen antibody complexes

A

eosinophil

72
Q

 Azurophilic is fewer and smaller than their granules
 Limited phagocytic

A

eosinophil

73
Q

how many lobes does eosinophil has

A

2-3 lobes, usually 2

74
Q

life span of basophil

A

1-2 years

75
Q

nucleus is U-shaped or J-shaped, but sometimes appear bilobed

A

basophil

76
Q

granules are larger but fewer granules

A

basophil

77
Q

specific granules of basophil

A

 Histamine
 Heparin
 Eosinophil chemotactic
factor
 Phospholipids for
synthesis of
leukotrienes

78
Q

About 8-10 μm in diameter. The
cytoplasm contains large, purple/black specific granules (stained with the basic dye) that are larger than but not as numerous as those of eosinophils. The nucleus is usually
bilobed, but usually is partially obscured by granules, which can lie over it.

A

basophil

79
Q

function: Allergies and anaphylaxis (hypersensitivity reaction)

A

basophil

80
Q

true o false:
some basophil’s granules has myelin figure content

A

true

81
Q

life span of a lymphocyte

A

variable (few days to several years)

82
Q

Small _____(about 90% of
____you will see) are ~8 μm in diameter, while large may be up to about 15 μm. Round, dense nucleus
(abundant heterochromatin). The cytoplasm of a small ___ is a narrow rim around the nucleus, and when well
stained is pale blue

A

lymphocytes

83
Q

cytoplasm is basophilic, nucleus is large but relatively pale

A

lymphocyte

84
Q

__ lymphocytes have high cytoplasm ratio

A

small

85
Q

qcytoplasm is more extensive, lower nuclear cytoplasm ratio

A

large lymphocytes

86
Q

functions as cellular and humoral immunity, AS B-CELLS AND T-CELLS

A

lymphocytes

87
Q

may differentiate into tissue plasma cells which make antibodies. Some ____ become memory cells. Humoral immunity

A

B-cells

88
Q

T-lymphocytes may differentiate into

A

cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells

89
Q

In TEM appearance: The cytoplasm doesn’t appear to be very active, containing mainly mitochondria and free ribosomes.

A

lymphcytes

90
Q

act as the principal agent orbody’s immune reponse

A

limphocyte

91
Q

Small lymphocyte mostly found on

A

blood

92
Q

<—– cytoplasm consist of extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum which are involve in synthesis and transfer of antibodies

A

lymphocytes

93
Q

a bean-shaped wbc

A

monocytes

94
Q

lifespan of monocyte

A

few days in blood, several months in connective tissu

95
Q

About 16 μm in smears, thus the
largest leukocyte. Large, eccentric nucleus oval, kidney-shaped
or horseshoe-shaped, with delicate chromatin that is less dense
than that of ____. Pale cytoplasm, often grayish, may
contain occasional stained granules (lysosomes = azurophilic
granules). Large ____may resemble monocytes, but
the ____nucleus is usually denser

A

lymphocyte

96
Q

functions of monocyte

A

o Migrate into tissues and constitute mononuclear
phagocyte system that help destroy foreign bodies
and maintain or remodel tissues and Mediate
inflammatory response
o Tissue macrophages Kupfer cells (liver) Osteoclasts
(bone), Dust cells (lungs),Microglia
o (brain),
o Antigen presenting cells: Dendritic Cells, Langerhans
cells

97
Q

Capable of continuous produce of azurophilic granules

A

monocyte

98
Q

TEM appearance: Cytoplasm contains mitochondria and some
small lysosomes.

A

monocyte

99
Q

TEM appearance: Cytoplasm contains mitochondria and some
small lysosomes.

A

monocyte

HISTOLOGY - MIDTERM (4 decks)

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