Muscle System Review Flashcards
Three types of muscle tissues
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
Straited many nuclei, Voluntary, movement of bone and body parts, and they stabilize the body position
Cardiac
Striated, 1 Nucleus, Intercalated disks, Only in heart, involuntary, and develop pressure for arterial blood flow
Smooth
Nonstariated, 1 nucleus, Grouped in walls of hollow organs, Involuntary, Moves materials through the body
General functions of muscle system
- Produce movement
- Regulate organ volume
- Produced heat
- Maintain Posture
- Move substances within the body
Excitability
Able to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals
Contracility
Able to contract(shorten) When simulated electricity
Extensability
able to stretch (length) and contract
Elasticity
Able to return to its original shape after contraction
How are skeletal muscles organized
- Muscles(surronded by epimysium)
- Fascicles(surroned by permiysium)
- Muscle fibers/cells(surronded by endomysium and sarcolemna)
- Mybrofils
- Sarcmeres
- Filaments(Actin and Myosin)
Functional Unit of muscle contraction
- Nerves releases a chemical called acetylcholine that stimulates(“tells”) muscles to contract
- Using ATP myosin attaches to (“grab”) the actin myosin will pull the actin strands closer together. This shortens the sarcomere and ultimentaly contracts the muscle
What is the neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle fibers
Neuromuscular junction
-Acetylcholine (ACH)
Sliding filament model
The process of muscles contractions involving the sliding of actin and myosin myofilaments past each other
What are the steps of a muscle contraction
- Nerve signal arrives at synaptic knob(releases acetylcholine)
- Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft
- Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Calcium binds to the troponin(This exposes active site on actin filaments and makes fibers ready for contraction
- Myosin head attaches to the active site on actin filaments
- ATP binds to the myosin head and cocks into position
- ATP is broken into ADP and P results in the power stroke, pull on actin filaments
- New ATP bind to the myosin head and the cycle continues
Creatine Phosphate Pathway
A way to make ATP more effciently
Aerobic Respiration
Mitocandira, Krebs Cycle, CO2, 26 ATP
Anerobic
Cytoplasm, Lactic Acid Fermenation, Lactic Acid, 2 ATP
Rigor Mortis
State of muscular ridgity after death. Where myosin attaches to act in and remains attached causing the ridgity
Anabolic Steroids
Steroid hormones taken to increase muscle size and strength, many bad side effects increasing protien synthesis
Atrophy
Wasting away of muscle, caused by disuse or nerve
Hypertrophy
Muscle growth, increasing in size not number
Fibromyalgia
Chronic pain in muscles and tissues surronding joints
Pulled Muscles/Muscle strain
Tear in muscle; often in an athletic injury
Muscular Dystrophy
Inherited disease in which there is progressive destruction(Arthophy) 0f skeletal muscle
-Primarly affects males, unsuccsesful attempts with gene thearohy to treat)
Origin
End of a muscle
Insertion
THe place where one end of a muscle is attached to the freely moving bone of its joint
Agonist
Muscles that provide the major forces to complete movement
Antagonist
The muscle that is relaxing or lengthening
Prime Mover
The muscles that provides the primary force driving the action
Synergist
Act around a jont to help the action of an agonist muscle
