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Advanced Biology > Muscle System Review > Flashcards

Muscle System Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Three types of muscle tissues

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Skeletal

A

Straited many nuclei, Voluntary, movement of bone and body parts, and they stabilize the body position

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3
Q

Cardiac

A

Striated, 1 Nucleus, Intercalated disks, Only in heart, involuntary, and develop pressure for arterial blood flow

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4
Q

Smooth

A

Nonstariated, 1 nucleus, Grouped in walls of hollow organs, Involuntary, Moves materials through the body

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5
Q

General functions of muscle system

A
  • Produce movement
  • Regulate organ volume
  • Produced heat
  • Maintain Posture
  • Move substances within the body
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6
Q

Excitability

A

Able to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals

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7
Q

Contracility

A

Able to contract(shorten) When simulated electricity

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8
Q

Extensability

A

able to stretch (length) and contract

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9
Q

Elasticity

A

Able to return to its original shape after contraction

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10
Q

How are skeletal muscles organized

A
  • Muscles(surronded by epimysium)
  • Fascicles(surroned by permiysium)
  • Muscle fibers/cells(surronded by endomysium and sarcolemna)
  • Mybrofils
  • Sarcmeres
  • Filaments(Actin and Myosin)
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11
Q

Functional Unit of muscle contraction

A
  • Nerves releases a chemical called acetylcholine that stimulates(“tells”) muscles to contract
  • Using ATP myosin attaches to (“grab”) the actin myosin will pull the actin strands closer together. This shortens the sarcomere and ultimentaly contracts the muscle
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12
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle fibers

A

Neuromuscular junction

-Acetylcholine (ACH)

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13
Q

Sliding filament model

A

The process of muscles contractions involving the sliding of actin and myosin myofilaments past each other

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14
Q

What are the steps of a muscle contraction

A
  1. Nerve signal arrives at synaptic knob(releases acetylcholine)
  2. Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft
  3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  4. Calcium binds to the troponin(This exposes active site on actin filaments and makes fibers ready for contraction
  5. Myosin head attaches to the active site on actin filaments
  6. ATP binds to the myosin head and cocks into position
  7. ATP is broken into ADP and P results in the power stroke, pull on actin filaments
  8. New ATP bind to the myosin head and the cycle continues
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15
Q

Creatine Phosphate Pathway

A

A way to make ATP more effciently

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16
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Mitocandira, Krebs Cycle, CO2, 26 ATP

17
Q

Anerobic

A

Cytoplasm, Lactic Acid Fermenation, Lactic Acid, 2 ATP

18
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

State of muscular ridgity after death. Where myosin attaches to act in and remains attached causing the ridgity

19
Q

Anabolic Steroids

A

Steroid hormones taken to increase muscle size and strength, many bad side effects increasing protien synthesis

20
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting away of muscle, caused by disuse or nerve

21
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Muscle growth, increasing in size not number

22
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Chronic pain in muscles and tissues surronding joints

23
Q

Pulled Muscles/Muscle strain

A

Tear in muscle; often in an athletic injury

24
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Inherited disease in which there is progressive destruction(Arthophy) 0f skeletal muscle
-Primarly affects males, unsuccsesful attempts with gene thearohy to treat)

25
Q

Origin

A

End of a muscle

26
Q

Insertion

A

THe place where one end of a muscle is attached to the freely moving bone of its joint

27
Q

Agonist

A

Muscles that provide the major forces to complete movement

28
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that is relaxing or lengthening

29
Q

Prime Mover

A

The muscles that provides the primary force driving the action

30
Q

Synergist

A

Act around a jont to help the action of an agonist muscle

Advanced Biology (5 decks)

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