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Biology chapter 15 > muscle structure > Flashcards

muscle structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of muscle is smooth muscle

A

involuntary

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2
Q

what type of muscle is skeletal muscle

A

voluntary

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3
Q

what makes up a muscle

A

muscle fibre

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4
Q

what makes up muscle fibre

A

myofibril

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5
Q

what are myofibral made up of

A

filimants

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6
Q

what are filiments made up of

A

sarcomeres

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7
Q

what are the two types of filiments

A

actin
myosin

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8
Q

describe the structure actin filiment

A

thinner
consists of two strands twisted around each other

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9
Q

describe the myosin filiment

A

thicker
consists of long shaped rod tails with bulbous heads that project to the sides

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10
Q

what are the two parts of the sacromere

A

a band
i band

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11
Q

what colour is the a band

A

dark

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12
Q

why is the a band dark

A

thick filiments
has both actin and myosin

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13
Q

what colour is the i band

A

light

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14
Q

why is the i band light

A

only contains actin

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15
Q

what is sarcoplams

A

cytoplasm of muscle fibre

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16
Q

what is sarcolema

A

cell membrane of muscle fibre

17
Q

what are the two types of muscle fibre

A

slow twich fibres
fast twich fibres

18
Q

what are slow twich fibres best for

A

endurance

19
Q

why are slow twich fibres best for endurance

A

lots of mitochondria
lots of myoglobin

20
Q

what are fast twich fibres best for

A

short bursts of energy

21
Q

why are fast twich fibres best for short bursts of energy

A

release energy much quicker
more powerfull

22
Q

what do twich fibres do

A

anaerobic respiration

23
Q

what does this form of respiration produce

A

lactic acid

24
Q

what does this build-up of lactic acid mean

A

fatigue occurs easily

25
Q

what is the structural make up of muscle from biggest t smallest

A

muscle- muscle fiber -myofibiral-filiments-scarcoplasm

26
Q

what are the ends of each sarcomere marked with

A

z- line

27
Q

where is the m line on a diagram of a sarcomere

A

the middle of the saromere

28
Q

what happens to the structure of sarcomere during contraction

A

h-zone and i-band get shorter
a- band stays the same length

Biology chapter 15 (12 decks)

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