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FOSC202 > Muscle structure > Flashcards

Muscle structure Flashcards

1
Q

largest to smallest structures of meat

A

meat
muscle fibre bundles
muscle fibres
myofibrils
sacromere

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2
Q

what are sarcomeres made up of

A

actin and mysoin

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3
Q

what are myofibrils made up of

A

straight repeating sequences of sacromeres

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4
Q

what are muscle fibre bundles protected by

A

perimysium

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5
Q

what type of connective tissue surrounds the muscle

A

epimysium

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6
Q

what type of connective tissue surrounds the muscle fibers

A

endomysium

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7
Q

what are muscle fibres made up of

A

myofibrils

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8
Q

what are muscle fibre bundles made up of

A

muscle fibres

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9
Q

what are muscles made up of

A

muscle fibre bundles

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10
Q

order of connective tissues from smallest to largest

A

eipmysium
perimysium
endomysium

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11
Q

what % of myofibrillar proteins are actin thin filaments

A

22%

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12
Q

what % of myofibrillar proteins are myosin filaments

A

43%

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13
Q

what % of all muscle proteins are myosin

A

36%

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14
Q

why don’t fish need a tendinous system

A

no gravity in water

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15
Q

what are myotomes

A

W shaped segments
-muscle cell bundles that run parallel with the longitudinal line of the fish

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16
Q

what are mycommata

A

thin layers of collagenous connective tissue, attached to the skeleton and skin

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17
Q

how are myotomes connected to each other

A

through mycommata

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18
Q

three main types of muscle tissues + %

A

sarcoplasmic 6%
myofibrillar 12-14%
connective tissue 2-4%

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19
Q

solubility of the mucle tissues

A

sacroplasmic: water
myofibrillar: salt
connective tissue: insoluable

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20
Q

examples of sarcoplasmic proteinn

A

enzymes, heme, albumin

21
Q

examples of myofibrillar proteins

A

actin
myosin
titin, nebulin, desmin

22
Q

example of connective tissue proteins

A

collagen
elastin

23
Q

what does long temp low temp heat processing do to collagen

A

convert it to gelatin

24
Q

components of a single muscle cell (myofibrillar)

A

myofibrillar protein
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reiticulum

25
Q

describe the myofibrillar component of a single muscle cell

A

actin/myosin
fibrous
facilitate contraction

26
Q

describe the sarcolemma component of a single muscle cell

A

transmit nerve impulses to muscle fibers
invaginated T-tubules ensure close contact

27
Q

describe the sarcoplasm component of a single muscle cell

A

eqiv to cytoplasm
contains enzymes, metabolites, myoglobin

28
Q

describe the sarcoplasmic reticulum component of a single muscle cell

A

release Ca2+ when a nerve impulse reaches the muscle fibre

29
Q

what is connective tissue

A

network of sheatha dn layers of film

30
Q

examples of connective tissue networks

A

tendons
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

31
Q

role of tendons

A

connect muscle to bone

32
Q

role of epimysium

A

supportive sheath covering the whole muscle

33
Q

role of the perimysium

A

maintains muscle fibre bundle structure
-contains blood vessel and nerves

34
Q

which types of connective tissue are continuous with one another

A

tendons and epimysium

35
Q

role of the endomysium

A

surround every muscle fibres

36
Q

which connective tissue is seen on a microscopic level

A

endomysium

37
Q

is collagen a quality protein and why

A

no
it has large amounts of glycine and proline neither of which are essential amino acids

38
Q

which amino acids are responsible for the flexibility of collagen

A

hydroxyproline
hydroxylysine

39
Q

what happens to collagen with age

A

cross linking increases
collagen becomes stronger

40
Q

where do less tender cuts tend to come from

A

parts of the animal that support the body or do more work

41
Q

age of premium cut cattle in NZ

A

2 years

42
Q

comparison of contractile protein in mammals vs fish

A

70-80% in fish
40-60% in mammals

43
Q

comparison of connective tissue in mammals vs fish

A

fish collagen has fewer cross-links (more easily softened)
less CT because fish are supported by water

44
Q

how is the structural arrangement of fish different to mammals

A

structure suits propulsion through water

45
Q

what does poikilothermic mean

A

body temp varies with water temp

46
Q

what does the being poikilothermic mean for the enzyme in fish

A

they are active at lower temperatures so cooling wont protect from enzymatic processes

47
Q

why does fish have a ihgher pH than mammals after rigor mortis

A

fish are mostly white mucle tissue which is glycolytic meaning it reaches rigor mortis more quickly which results in a higher pH

48
Q

what do lipid degradation and NPN cause in fish

A

important flaovur changes

FOSC202 (28 decks)

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