Muscle structure Flashcards
largest to smallest structures of meat
meat
muscle fibre bundles
muscle fibres
myofibrils
sacromere
what are sarcomeres made up of
actin and mysoin
what are myofibrils made up of
straight repeating sequences of sacromeres
what are muscle fibre bundles protected by
perimysium
what type of connective tissue surrounds the muscle
epimysium
what type of connective tissue surrounds the muscle fibers
endomysium
what are muscle fibres made up of
myofibrils
what are muscle fibre bundles made up of
muscle fibres
what are muscles made up of
muscle fibre bundles
order of connective tissues from smallest to largest
eipmysium
perimysium
endomysium
what % of myofibrillar proteins are actin thin filaments
22%
what % of myofibrillar proteins are myosin filaments
43%
what % of all muscle proteins are myosin
36%
why don’t fish need a tendinous system
no gravity in water
what are myotomes
W shaped segments
-muscle cell bundles that run parallel with the longitudinal line of the fish
what are mycommata
thin layers of collagenous connective tissue, attached to the skeleton and skin
how are myotomes connected to each other
through mycommata
three main types of muscle tissues + %
sarcoplasmic 6%
myofibrillar 12-14%
connective tissue 2-4%
solubility of the mucle tissues
sacroplasmic: water
myofibrillar: salt
connective tissue: insoluable
examples of sarcoplasmic proteinn
enzymes, heme, albumin
examples of myofibrillar proteins
actin
myosin
titin, nebulin, desmin
example of connective tissue proteins
collagen
elastin
what does long temp low temp heat processing do to collagen
convert it to gelatin
components of a single muscle cell (myofibrillar)
myofibrillar protein
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reiticulum
describe the myofibrillar component of a single muscle cell
actin/myosin
fibrous
facilitate contraction
describe the sarcolemma component of a single muscle cell
transmit nerve impulses to muscle fibers
invaginated T-tubules ensure close contact
describe the sarcoplasm component of a single muscle cell
eqiv to cytoplasm
contains enzymes, metabolites, myoglobin
describe the sarcoplasmic reticulum component of a single muscle cell
release Ca2+ when a nerve impulse reaches the muscle fibre
what is connective tissue
network of sheatha dn layers of film
examples of connective tissue networks
tendons
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
role of tendons
connect muscle to bone
role of epimysium
supportive sheath covering the whole muscle
role of the perimysium
maintains muscle fibre bundle structure
-contains blood vessel and nerves
which types of connective tissue are continuous with one another
tendons and epimysium
role of the endomysium
surround every muscle fibres
which connective tissue is seen on a microscopic level
endomysium
is collagen a quality protein and why
no
it has large amounts of glycine and proline neither of which are essential amino acids
which amino acids are responsible for the flexibility of collagen
hydroxyproline
hydroxylysine
what happens to collagen with age
cross linking increases
collagen becomes stronger
where do less tender cuts tend to come from
parts of the animal that support the body or do more work
age of premium cut cattle in NZ
2 years
comparison of contractile protein in mammals vs fish
70-80% in fish
40-60% in mammals
comparison of connective tissue in mammals vs fish
fish collagen has fewer cross-links (more easily softened)
less CT because fish are supported by water
how is the structural arrangement of fish different to mammals
structure suits propulsion through water
what does poikilothermic mean
body temp varies with water temp
what does the being poikilothermic mean for the enzyme in fish
they are active at lower temperatures so cooling wont protect from enzymatic processes
why does fish have a ihgher pH than mammals after rigor mortis
fish are mostly white mucle tissue which is glycolytic meaning it reaches rigor mortis more quickly which results in a higher pH
what do lipid degradation and NPN cause in fish
important flaovur changes
