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PHYSIOL > Muscle Physiology Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A
  1. Smooth muscle
  2. Skeletal muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
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2
Q

This type of muscle is non-striated, has one nucleus, and is spindle/fusiform-shaped.

A

Smooth muscle

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3
Q

This type of muscle is striated, multi-nucleated, and rectangular/elongated.

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

This type of muscle is striated, has one nucleus, and is branching.

A

Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Skeletal muscles have only a single mitochondria.

A

FALSE: Skeletal muscle fibers have many mitochondria for the creation of ATP.

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Skeletal muscle fibers have transverse tubules.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

It is the specific term for plasma membrane in intracellular structures.

A

Sarcolemma

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8
Q

It is the specific term for cytoplasm in intracellular structures.

A

Sarcoplasm

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9
Q

It is the specific term for smooth ER in intracellular structures.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

These are structures that give cardiac and skeletal muscles the striated appearance.

A

Myofibrils

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11
Q

This filament is thin and bead/pearl-like.

A

Actin

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12
Q

This filament is thick and has paired club heads used to form cross bridges.

A

Myosin

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13
Q

Myosin heads with actin binding sites; will bind with actin

A

Cross bridges

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14
Q

This mechanism does not necessarily mean “shortening”

A

Contraction

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15
Q

This mechanism is a result of the shortening of a skeletal muscle fiber and the overlapping of thick and thin filaments.

A

Sliding Filament Mechanism

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16
Q

The ability of muscle fibers to generate force and movement depends on the interaction of the __________ and __________.

A

Actin; myosin

17
Q

What are the three types of thin filaments and associated proteins?

A
  1. Actin
  2. Tropomyosin
  3. Troponin
18
Q

This is a contractile protein with each G actin possessing a bonding site for myosin.

A

Actin

19
Q

This is a regulatory protein that overlaps binding sites on actin for myosin and inhibits interaction when in relaxed state.

A

Tropomyosin

20
Q

This is a regulatory protein that binds Ca+ reversibly.

A

Troponin

21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: One motor neuron innervates many muscle fibers, but one muscle fiber is innervated by only one motor neuron.

A

TRUE

22
Q

These neurons propagate action potentials at high velocities.

A

Motor neurons (somatic efferent neurons)

23
Q

What are the steps to Neuromuscular Junction?

A
  1. Ca2+ enters
  2. Acetylcholine binds with ion channels
  3. Allow entry of sodium ions to motor end plate – depolarization
  4. Depolarization allows next action potential of the next muscle
24
Q

This stores Ca2+ to be released following membrane excitation.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

25
Q

T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are connected by __________

A

Integral membrane proteins

26
Q

This receptor is a t-tubule protein and modified voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels.

A

Dihydropyridine (DHP) Receptor

27
Q

This receptor is a sarcoplasmic reticulum protein that forms Ca2+ channels.

A

Ryanodine Receptor

28
Q

This binds strongly to nicotinic ACh receptors, causes skeletal muscle paralysis, and death from asphyxiation.

A

Curare

29
Q

This blocks neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, causes skeletal muscle paralysis, and death from asphyxiation.

A

Organophosphate

30
Q

This causes ACh to build up at muscarinic synapses.

A

Nerve gases

31
Q

Two antidotes for OP and nerve gas exposure:

A

Pralidoxime and Atropine

32
Q

This reactivates acetylcholinesterase

A

Pralidoxime

33
Q

This is a muscarinic receptor antagonist

A

Atropine

34
Q

This acts as an antagonist to ACh receptors, producing depolarizing or desensitizing block-like acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Succinylcholine

35
Q

This is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular junction blocking drugs that act more like curare and last longer

A

Rocuronium and vecuronium

PHYSIOL (6 decks)

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