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PHYSIOL > Cardio Physiology Part 1 > Flashcards

Cardio Physiology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three principal components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood Vessels
  3. Blood
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2
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A
  1. Red Blood Cells
  2. Platelets
  3. White Blood Cells
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3
Q

What are the two divisions in White Blood Cells or leukocytes?

A
  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
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4
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
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5
Q

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

A
  1. Lymphocyte
  2. Monocyte
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6
Q

This carries blood cells, proteins, nutrients, metabolic wastes, and other molecules transported around the body

A

Plasma

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7
Q

This is a physiological mechanism that stops bleeding

A

Hemostasis

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8
Q

What is the 3-step process of hemostasis?

A
  1. Vascular spasm
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Blood coagulation
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9
Q

This results from damage to the blood vessel. The damaged tissue secretes factors that cause contraction.

A

Vascular spasm

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10
Q

Vessels __________ to minimize blood loss

A

Constrict

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11
Q

This forms around the site of damage to decrease blood loss and maintain blood pressure.

A

Platelet Plug Formation

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12
Q

This occurs around the platelet plug, providing protection or blood clots.

A

Blood coagulation

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13
Q

These are secreted in inactive forms into the blood then becomes activated during cascade

A

Clotting factors

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14
Q

Where are clotting factors produced?

A

Liver

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15
Q

Plasma without clotting factors

A

Serum

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16
Q

When there’s collagen, activation of clotting factors

A

Intrinsic pathway

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17
Q

What is the common pathway for both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways?

A

Factor IX — Christmas Factor (Primary Thromboplastin Component)

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18
Q

Both pathways activate __________ to __________

A

Thrombin; Prothrombin

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19
Q

This converts plasminogen to plasmin

A

Plasminogen activators

20
Q

Medication given to dissolve clots obstructing in coronary, pulmonary and cerebral arteries

A

Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

21
Q

This facilitates the swift removal of clotting factors and inhibition of active clotting factors becoming unnecessarily large

A

Clot controllers

22
Q

Unbound thrombin is inactivated by __________ and __________

A

Antithrombin III; Protein C

23
Q

This is an anticoagulant in mast cells and basophils, and on endothelial cells surface

A

Heparin

24
Q

These are normally smooth and intact, preventing platelets from adhering

A

Endothelial cells

25
Q

What are the secretions of endothelial cells that help prevent platelet aggregation?

A
  1. Nitric Oxide (NO)
  2. Prostacyclin
26
Q

What are the three drugs used clinically to prevent clots?

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Heparin
  3. Warfarin
27
Q

It is an antiprotaglandin

A

Aspirin

28
Q

It is injected clinically

A

Heparin

29
Q

This is a coumadin taken orally

A

Warfarin

30
Q

This clotting disorder can block vessel and if it’s large enough; not moving

A

Thrombus

31
Q

This clotting disorder wedges in a vessel; moving

A

Embolus

32
Q

Lack of platelets that causes spontaneous bleeding in small BVs

A

Thrombocytopenia

33
Q

Causes lack of procoagulants

A

Impaired liver

34
Q

What are the three types of Haemophilia?

A
  1. Lack of Factor VIII
  2. Lack of Factor IX
  3. Lack of Factor XI
35
Q

Blood from heart to the body

A

Systemic loop

36
Q

Oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back to the heart

A

Pulmonary

37
Q

What is the order of blood vessels?

A

Arteries —> Arterioles —> Capillaries —> Venules —> Veins

38
Q

This carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries

39
Q

This carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

A

Veins

40
Q

What are the factors that affect resistance?

A
  1. Blood viscocity
  2. Total blood vessel length
  3. Blood vessel diameter
41
Q

What are the 4 layers of the heart?

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
  4. Pericardium
42
Q

This initiates heart beat and helps spread impulse rapidly throughout the heart

A

Conduction system

43
Q

Peptide hormone secreted in atria

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

44
Q

This innervates entire heart and releases norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

45
Q

This innervates node cells and releases ACh

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)

PHYSIOL (6 decks)

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