Muscle Physiology

Question 0

Types of muscle tissue

Answer 0

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 1

Highly specialized cells for the func of contraction

Answer 1

Muscle cells

Question 2

Muscles contract for

Answer 2

Movt
Opposes gravity or forces
Propulsion of contents of hollow organs

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle cells are innervated by

Answer 3

Somatic motor neuron

Question 4

Smooth and cardiac muscles get signals to contract from

Answer 4

Autonomic nervous system

Question 5

Responsible for movt of internal organs

Answer 5

Smooth muscle

Question 6

Can contract spontaneously

Can regulate itself

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle

Question 7

Smooth muscles..

Answer 7

Smooth mucles are

1. spindle shaped
2. homogenous with no striations
3. single and centrally placed nucleus
4. involuntary
5. Innervated by ANS
6. Visceral smooth muscle

Question 8

Describe Cardiac muscle

Answer 8

Latticework appearance
Striated
Myofibrils interdigitate during contraction
Presence of intercalated disks
Have SYNCTIAL INTERCONNECTIONS bet cells

Question 9

Contain myofilaments - actin and myosin

Answer 9

Myofibril

Question 10

Contractile organelle. Most abundant part of the muscle tissue. Responsible for actual contraction

Answer 10

Myofibril

Question 11

Describe skeletal muscle

Answer 11

Striated
Voluntary
Multinucleated

Question 12

It is the intracellular fluid between myofibrils

Answer 12

Sarcoplasm

Question 13

Cell membrane of muscles

Answer 13

Sarcolemma

Question 14

Cytoplasm of muscles

Answer 14

Sarcoplasm

Question 15

Er of muscles

Answer 15

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

What are t tubules or transverse tubules

Answer 16

Located beside sarcoplasmic reticulum
Impt in distributing command to contract in skeletal fibers
Aids in allowing action potential at the cell surface to move rapidly

Question 17

Made up of grps of muscle fiber

Answer 17

Muscle bundle

Question 18

Consists of myofilaments arranged in sarcomere

Answer 18

Myofibrils

Question 19

Smallest func unit of muscle fibril

Answer 19

Sarcomere

Question 20

Actin molecules

Answer 20

Pear shaped arranged in strands of beads

Question 21

Myosin molecules

Answer 21

Has a rod shaped tail and globular head

Question 22

Myofibrils are made up of _ sarcomere

Answer 22

10000 sarcomere

Question 23

Myosin

Answer 23

Thick filaments
A bands
Found at center

Question 24

Actin

Answer 24

Thin filaments I bands Found at periphery

Question 25

Center of thin filaments | Anchors thin filaments

Answer 25

Z line

Question 26

Area of A bands w/o an actin filament

Answer 26

H zone

Question 27

Line anchoring center of A band

Answer 27

M line

Question 28

1 sarcomere =

Answer 28

Z line to z line

Question 29

Sliding filament theory

Answer 29

When a sarcomere contracts, thin filaments are sliding along the center of the sarcomere alongside the thick filaments, decreasing the H ZONE

Question 30

Types of muscle contraction

Answer 30

Simple twitch Isometric Isotonic

Question 31

Stages of a twitch | Diff phases of contraction

Answer 31

Latent phase Contraction phase Relaxation phase

Question 32

Diff forms of stimulus

Answer 32

Thermal Mechanical Electrical Chemical

Question 33

Diff degress of stimulus

Answer 33

Sub threshold Threshold Maximal Supramaximal

Question 34

2 types of muscle fibers

Answer 34

Slow fibers | Fast fibers

Question 35

Characteristics of muscle contraction

Answer 35

1. All or none principle 2. Exhibits gradation 3. Shows asynchronous contraction 4. Exhibits muscle tone

Question 36

Factors in exhibiting gradation

Answer 36

``` Strength Stretch Load Treppe Rate of frequency of stimulation ```

Question 37

2 types of tetanus

Answer 37

Incomplete | Complete

Question 38

Difference of isometric and isotonic

Answer 38

Isometric - tension rises but the length of muscle contraction is CONSTANT. Maintains position of body Isotonic - tension builds until it extend the amount of resistance. Muscle shortens. Movt of arms hands fingers

Question 39

Any agent act or influence producing functional or trophic reactions in a receptor or irritable tissue

Answer 39

Stimulus

Question 40

Shows a period of contraction followed by a period of relaxation

Answer 40

Simple twitch

Question 41

Describe the latent phase

Answer 41

Latent - begins at stimulation. Lasts about 10ms. Action potential is still sweeping across the membrane. No tension.

Question 42

Describe contraction phase

Answer 42

Tension rises to a peak Cross bridging occurs 40 ms

Question 43

Relaxation phase

Answer 43

Muscle tension returns to resting levels Detachment of cross bridges 50ms

Question 44

Degree that does not produce a response

Answer 44

Sub threshold

Question 45

Strength of stimulus that causes excitation

Answer 45

Threshold

Question 46

More muscle fibers contracting at the same time

Answer 46

Maximal

Question 47

All muscles contracting at the same time until it is close to fatigue

Answer 47

Supramaximal

Question 48

Describe slow fibers

Answer 48

Red muscle High myoglobin content 100ms twitch duration Long muscles of the back

Question 49

Describe fast fibers

Answer 49

``` Pale or white muscles Low myoglobin content Twitch duration 7ms Muscles that produce fine movt Less resistance to fatigue Muscles in hand, extracellular muscle ```

Question 50

Response of muscle fiber to the stimulus is maximal

Answer 50

All or none principle

Question 51

^ strength or intensity of stimulus

Answer 51

^ height

Question 52

^ load

Answer 52

⬇️ height

Question 53

What is TREPPE

Answer 53

Staircase effect | Repeated stimulation after the resting phase and the peak tension will rise in stages

Question 54

Inc speed of stimulation causes

Answer 54

Tetanus

Question 55

Fusion of contraction

Answer 55

Tetanus

Question 56

Diff incomplete and complete

Answer 56

Incomplete- rate increases further. Tension production rises to a peak and periods of relaxation will be very brief Complete- freq of s. Is so high that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated

Question 57

Inability of the motor unit to respond to a workload | No excitation will be produced

Answer 57

Fatigue

Question 58

While one motor unit is contracting the other is resting

Answer 58

Shows asynchronous contraction

Question 59

Firmness of the muscle | Flaccid denervated muscle (no nerve, no firmness)

Answer 59

Exhibits muscle tone