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PHYSIO > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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1
Q

Highly specialized cells for the func of contraction

A

Muscle cells

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2
Q

Muscles contract for

A

Movt
Opposes gravity or forces
Propulsion of contents of hollow organs

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3
Q

Skeletal Muscle cells are innervated by

A

Somatic motor neuron

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4
Q

Smooth and cardiac muscles get signals to contract from

A

Autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

Responsible for movt of internal organs

A

Smooth muscle

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6
Q

Can contract spontaneously

Can regulate itself

A

Cardiac muscle

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7
Q

Smooth muscles..

A

Smooth mucles are

  1. spindle shaped
  2. homogenous with no striations
  3. single and centrally placed nucleus
  4. involuntary
  5. Innervated by ANS
  6. Visceral smooth muscle
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8
Q

Describe Cardiac muscle

A 
Latticework appearance
Striated
Myofibrils interdigitate during contraction
Presence of intercalated disks
Have SYNCTIAL INTERCONNECTIONS bet cells
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9
Q

Contain myofilaments - actin and myosin

A

Myofibril

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10
Q

Contractile organelle. Most abundant part of the muscle tissue. Responsible for actual contraction

A

Myofibril

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11
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Striated
Voluntary
Multinucleated

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12
Q

It is the intracellular fluid between myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasm

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13
Q

Cell membrane of muscles

A

Sarcolemma

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14
Q

Cytoplasm of muscles

A

Sarcoplasm

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15
Q

Er of muscles

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

What are t tubules or transverse tubules

A

Located beside sarcoplasmic reticulum
Impt in distributing command to contract in skeletal fibers
Aids in allowing action potential at the cell surface to move rapidly

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17
Q

Made up of grps of muscle fiber

A

Muscle bundle

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18
Q

Consists of myofilaments arranged in sarcomere

A

Myofibrils

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19
Q

Smallest func unit of muscle fibril

A

Sarcomere

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20
Q

Actin molecules

A

Pear shaped arranged in strands of beads

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21
Q

Myosin molecules

A

Has a rod shaped tail and globular head

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22
Q

Myofibrils are made up of _ sarcomere

A

10000 sarcomere

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23
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments
A bands
Found at center

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24
Q

Actin

A

Thin filaments
I bands
Found at periphery

25
Q

Center of thin filaments

Anchors thin filaments

A

Z line

26
Q

Area of A bands w/o an actin filament

A

H zone

27
Q

Line anchoring center of A band

A

M line

28
Q

1 sarcomere =

A

Z line to z line

29
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

When a sarcomere contracts, thin filaments are sliding along the center of the sarcomere alongside the thick filaments, decreasing the H ZONE

30
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A

Simple twitch
Isometric
Isotonic

31
Q

Stages of a twitch

Diff phases of contraction

A

Latent phase
Contraction phase
Relaxation phase

32
Q

Diff forms of stimulus

A

Thermal
Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical

33
Q

Diff degress of stimulus

A

Sub threshold
Threshold
Maximal
Supramaximal

34
Q

2 types of muscle fibers

A

Slow fibers

Fast fibers

35
Q

Characteristics of muscle contraction

A
  1. All or none principle
  2. Exhibits gradation
  3. Shows asynchronous contraction
  4. Exhibits muscle tone
36
Q

Factors in exhibiting gradation

A 
Strength
Stretch
Load
Treppe
Rate of frequency of stimulation
37
Q

2 types of tetanus

A

Incomplete

Complete

38
Q

Difference of isometric and isotonic

A

Isometric - tension rises but the length of muscle contraction is CONSTANT. Maintains position of body
Isotonic - tension builds until it extend the amount of resistance. Muscle shortens. Movt of arms hands fingers

39
Q

Any agent act or influence producing functional or trophic reactions in a receptor or irritable tissue

A

Stimulus

40
Q

Shows a period of contraction followed by a period of relaxation

A

Simple twitch

41
Q

Describe the latent phase

A

Latent - begins at stimulation. Lasts about 10ms. Action potential is still sweeping across the membrane. No tension.

42
Q

Describe contraction phase

A

Tension rises to a peak
Cross bridging occurs
40 ms

43
Q

Relaxation phase

A

Muscle tension returns to resting levels
Detachment of cross bridges
50ms

44
Q

Degree that does not produce a response

A

Sub threshold

45
Q

Strength of stimulus that causes excitation

A

Threshold

46
Q

More muscle fibers contracting at the same time

A

Maximal

47
Q

All muscles contracting at the same time until it is close to fatigue

A

Supramaximal

48
Q

Describe slow fibers

A

Red muscle
High myoglobin content
100ms twitch duration
Long muscles of the back

49
Q

Describe fast fibers

A 
Pale or white muscles
Low myoglobin content
Twitch duration 7ms
Muscles that produce fine movt
Less resistance to fatigue
Muscles in hand, extracellular muscle
50
Q

Response of muscle fiber to the stimulus is maximal

A

All or none principle

51
Q

^ strength or intensity of stimulus

A

^ height

52
Q

^ load

A

⬇️ height

53
Q

What is TREPPE

A

Staircase effect

Repeated stimulation after the resting phase and the peak tension will rise in stages

54
Q

Inc speed of stimulation causes

A

Tetanus

55
Q

Fusion of contraction

A

Tetanus

56
Q

Diff incomplete and complete

A

Incomplete- rate increases further. Tension production rises to a peak and periods of relaxation will be very brief
Complete- freq of s. Is so high that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated

57
Q

Inability of the motor unit to respond to a workload

No excitation will be produced

A

Fatigue

58
Q

While one motor unit is contracting the other is resting

A

Shows asynchronous contraction

59
Q

Firmness of the muscle

Flaccid denervated muscle (no nerve, no firmness)

A

Exhibits muscle tone

PHYSIO (8 decks)

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