CELL Flashcards
Knowing the diff functions of the body
Physiology
Science that deals with living org and its functions and its parts including different physical and chemical process involved
Physiology
Basic func unit of living org
Cell
Building blocks of both animals and plants
Cell
Each cell in the body maintain _ at the cellular level
Homeostasis
Components of extracellular fluid
Sodium Chloride Bicarbonate ions Oxygen Glucose Fatty acids and aa Carbon dioxide
Components of intracellular fluid
Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate ions
State of balance, equilibrium
Homeostasis
Maintaining CONSTANT INTERNAL ENVT even with changes in the external envt. Leading to a STABLE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE
Homeostasis
3 classification of cells
Shape
Number
Size
5 chemical composition of cells
Water Electrolytes Proteins Lipids Cho
70%-80% in the cell
Water
10-20% of the cell mass
Proteins
2%
Lipids
1%
Cho
Principal fluid medium
Water
Most abundant chemical component of cell
Water
Inorg chemical needed for cellular rxn
Electrolytes
Examples of electrolytes
Potassium Phosphate Magnesium Sulfate bicarbonate Sodium Chloride Calcium
Second most abundant cell composition
Protein
Proteins used in FORMATION OF CELL MEMBRANE
Structural proteins
Examples of structural proteins
Phospholipids
Filaments
Microtubules
Enzymes used to catalyze certain chemical rxn
Globular protein
Substances soluble in fat solvents
Lipids
Form membrane barriers in the cells
Lipids
Examples of lipids
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Nutrition of the cell
Carbohydrates
Stored as glycogen in the cell
Carbohydrates
Kinds of organelles
Non membranous
Membranous
Non membranous organelles
CCC MFR
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Cilia
Microvilli
Flagella
Ribosomes
Membranous organelles
NEG LPM
Nucleus
Er
Golgi app
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Gateway and barrier
Cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer and an inner layer of protein
Cell membrane
Charged part
Hydrophilic heads
Uncharged part
Hydrophobic tails
Partially penetrate the phospholipid layer
Peripheral protein
Fully penetrate the phospholipid layer
Integral protein
Allows certain substances to pass thru
Selectively permeable
Functions of cell membrane
BCE RSG
Barriers Controls entry of ions and nutrients Elimination of wastes Release of secretory products Sensitivity of the cell Gives structural support
Composed of mostly potassium
Intracellular area
Composed mostly of SODIUM and CHLORIDE
Extracellular
Materials inside the cell
Cytoplasm
Intracellular fluid
Cytosol
Semi gelatinous substance
Cytosol
Contains dissolved nutrients, soluble and insoluble proteins, waste products
Cytosol
Structures performing specific functions inside the cell
Organelles
Organelles always in contact with the cytosol
Non membranous organelles
Internal protein framework giving your cytoplasm strength and flexibility
Cytoskeleton
Components of cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Thick filaments
Microtubules
Slender protein strand
Microfilaments
Maintains cellular shape by RESISTING TENSION
Microfilaments
Bonds CYTOSKELETON to CELL MEMBRANE
Microfilaments
Tie cells together
Microfilaments
Example of microfilaments
Thin filaments
Thicker than microfilaments
8-12 nanometers
Intermediate filaments
Maintain cellular shape by BEARING TENSION
intermediate filaments
Participate in CELL-CELL and CELL-MATRIX junction
Intermediate fil
May move matls in cytoplasm
Intermediate fil
Example of intermediate filaments
Neurofilament
Massive strand of protein
Thick filaments
Example of thick filaments
Myosin
Interact with the thin filaments to produce muscle contraction
Myosin
Largest component of cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Hollow tubes made from TUBULIN
Microtubules
Resist COMPRESSION
Microtubules
Provides strength
Microtubules
Move ORGANELLES
Microtubules
Examples of microtubules
Cilia
Centrioles
Small finger shaped projections of cell membrane
Microvilli
Increase surface area of the cell outside
Microvilli
Absorption of matls from the extracellular fluids
Microvilli
Example of microvilli
Cell of digestive tract and kidney
9 grps of 3 microtubules forming a short cylinder
Centriole
Found in the centrosome near the nucleus
Centriole
Moves DNA molecules during cell division
Centriole
9 grps of 2 long microtubules forming a cylinder around a central pair
Cilia
Moves fluid or solid across the cell membrane
Cilia
Moves sperm cells through fluid
Flagella
Dense granules found in all cells scattered at cytoplasm,can be attached to ER
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
60%?
40%?
60 rna
40 proteins
To manufacture protein
Ribosomes
Surrounded by lipids
Membranous organelles
Double membrane containing inner folds or CRISTAE
Mitochondria
Atp production providing energy
Mitochondria
Process in producing ATP
Cellular respiration/ glycolysis
Spherical struc surrounded by a double memb
Nucleus
Nucleus contains..
Nucleolus and DNA
It is the CONTROL CENTER for cellular operations and its interaction with other cells
Nucleus
Where matls enter and exit from the nucleus
Nuclear pores
A network of intracellular membranes forming hollow tubes , flattened sheets and round chambers (cisternae)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Forme channels that circulate matls throughout the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Storage unit for protein and enzymes
Er
For attachment of ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Latin word for NET
Reticulum
Func of ER
Synthesize
Stores
Transports impt biomolecules
Contains ribosomes
Rough er
Newly synthesize proteins undergo chemical modification for export to the golgi app
Rough er
It is the factory of producing proteins
Rough er
Does not contain ribosomes
Smooth er
Synthesis of lipids, cho, hormones, steroids and alcohol
Smooth er
Signals the release of CALCIUM for muscle contraction
Smooth er
Flattened membrane discs
Saccules
Saccules are found in
Golgi app
Concentration and packaging center of the cell to form secretory vesicles
Golgi app
Contains digestive enzymes - acid hydrolases
Digest foreign particles
Defense against disease
Lysosome
Carry peroxidases
Absorb and neutralize toxins
Peroxisome
Enzyme in lysosome
Acid hydrolases
Enzyme in peroxisome
Peroxidases
