Muscle movement Flashcards
What type of muscle testing involves contraction of a muscle?
Isometric muscle testing
What are the 3 ways to test the function of a muscle?
Active
Passive
Isometric
With a complete rupture of a tendon what would the test findings be?
Active- lost
Passive- normal
Resisted- weak and painless
With a ligament sprain what would the test findings be?
Active- decreased and painful
Passive- decreased and painful
Resisted- normal
With a muscle strain what would the test findings be?
Active- painful, possibly diminished
Passive- loss of movement, painful
Resisted- pain
A traumatic episode that damages contractile tissue is called?
Strain- muscle, tendon
What is damage to capsule or ligaments and the most common injury to non-contractile tissue?
Sprain- ligaments, joint capsule, bursa, cartilage
What are the 4 types of strains?
Traumatic
Exertional- overuse or fatigue
Postural- overuse from statically sustained position
Mechanical-poor body mechanics
A recent incident in which a joint is taken to a greater than normal ROM usually leads to a?
Ligament sprain- pain usually localized
What are the 3 common causes of a muscle strain?
Isotonic or isometric contraction
Over stretching
Prolonged isometric contraction
What are the 3 grades of a muscle/tendon strain?
1- less than 33% tearing, minor stretching, no palpable defect
2- 33-66% tear, palpable defect
3- extensive tearing >66% or complete rupture, large palpable depression
Which type of contraction causes muscle shortening?
Concentric
Which type of contraction causes muscle lengthening?
Eccentric
Which type of contraction causes muscle to shorten but cant overcome the load?
Isometric
Movement of joint and Shortening or lengthening of muscle is constant
Isokinetic
Resistance against muscle causes constant contraction
Isoinertial
Load on a muscle is constant throughout ROM
Isotonic
what are 3 common joint distracting or angulation tests that cause pain with a ligament sprain?
knee varus or valgus
gaenslens- sacroiliac ligaments
extremes or vertebral flexion or extension
what is a primary feature of sprains or internal joint disorders that distinguishes it from a muscle sprain or injury?
isometric/ resisted muscle contraction causes little to no pain, particularly after the setting of position by shunt muscle contraction
pressure or irritation of spinal cord or nerve roots prior to exiting vertebral foramen
nerve root lesion
what 3 things test for nerve root compression?
sensation (dermatome)
motor function (myotome)
reflex
what tract is being tested when testing light touch?
anterior spinothalmic
what tract is involved with pain and temperature?
lateral spinothalmic
what tract is involved with vibration?
dorsal columns
what are a group of muscles supplied by a single anterior spinal nerve root?
myotomes
a lesion of the corticospinal tract is what type of lesion?
UMNL
a lesion of the final common pathway is what type of lesion?
LMNL
what are the grades of muscle contraction?
5- normal; complete ROM
4- GOOD; complete ROM with some resistance
3- FAIR; complete ROM enough to put joint through range
2- POOR; complete ROM with gravity eliminated
1- TRACE; can feel muscle contract but no joint movement
0- no evidence of contraction
tendon reflex aka
myotatic stretch reflex- sudden stretch of skeletal muscle that results in reflex contraction of that muscle
what 3 things are evaluated when testing a reflex?
speed of reaction
vigor of response
length of contraction
grading of reflexes
0- reflex absent 1- reflex low to normal 2- normal 3- brisk 4- very brisk
what type of muscle pain would a patient feel with a nerve root lesion?
deep muscle pain
what is a physiologic injury to a nerve with no anatomic damage present?
neurapraxia- recovery within a few hours to days
what is a complete loss of both physiologic and anatomic function of nerve fiber and sheath. can only be fixed with surgery?
neurotmesis
a palsy caused by median nerve compression from lover’s head resting on arm
bridegroom palsy
a palsy of the radial nerve from arm hanging over side of chair
saturday night palsy
