cerebellar and proprioception

Question 1

what are the principle receptors for proprioception?

Answer 1

neuromuscular and neurotendinous spindles
golgi tendon organ
4 joint mechanoreceptors

Question 2

where does the proprioceptive pathway ascend and synapse?

Answer 2

ascends the spinal cord ipsilaterally in posterior columns

synapses in lower brainstem

Question 3

dysdiadochokinesia indicates possible?

Answer 3

cerebellar dysfunction

Question 4

abnormal joint position test indicates possible?

Answer 4

posterior column disease

Question 5

multimodal sensations come from?

Answer 5

parietal lobe association cortex

Question 6

when a primary sensory modality is not working, the deficit is referred to as?

Answer 6

anesthesia

analgesia

Question 7

specific stimuli excite nerve end organs that are attached to DRG. with enough stimuli the impulse travels from peripheral back to nerve root. What is the path it travels?

Answer 7

neuron 1 (lateral or medial) synapses with neuron 2
neuron 2 crosses midline and ascends a CNS lemniscus carrying an impulse to nucleus ventralis posterolateralis and nucleus ventralis posteromedialis of thalamus
neuron 2 transfers impulse to neuron 3 at thalamic nuclei

Question 8

neuron 1 lateral and medial divisions

Answer 8

lateral- superficial

medial- deep

Question 9

what is neuron 3 AKA

Answer 9

thalamocortical radiation

Question 10

where does the thalamocortical radiation travel?

Answer 10

to somesthetic cortex located on post central gyrus of parietal lobe

Question 11

where does body reorganization and localization of stimuli take place?

Answer 11

somesthetic cortex

Question 12

where is the somesthetic cortex located?

Answer 12

post central gyrus of parietal lobe

Question 13

lower body info ascends?

Answer 13

medially

Question 14

upper body info ascends?

Answer 14

laterally

Question 15

what are the testable deep sensations?

Answer 15

pain
touch
proprioception

Question 16

what are the superficial/ exteroreceptive sensations?

Answer 16

pain
temp
light touch

Question 17

who studied dermatome distributions based on herpetic lesions and trauma involved with spinal cord?

Answer 17

Head

Question 18

who performed isolated root sections and noted remaining sensibility after certain roots were cut?

Answer 18

Sherrington and Foerster

Question 19

who determined distribution of dermatomes by making use of antidromic responses (reverse conduction of impulses?

Answer 19

Foerster

Question 20

who argued against overlap of dermatomes and altered dermatome charts?

Answer 20

Keegan

Question 21

what is thigmesthesia?

Answer 21

non discriminating touch

Question 22

where does the pathway for light touch ascend? same as pain

Answer 22

slightly myelinated fibers that ascend to anterior lateral columns of cord to thalamus

Question 23

what is topesthesia?

Answer 23

discriminating well localized touch

Question 24

where is topesthesia carried to?

Answer 24

posterior spinal cord

Question 25

due to overlap and duplication of function, which sensation is least desirable to used for evaluation?

Answer 25

touch

Question 26

what tissues are devoid of nociceptors?

Answer 26

articular cartilage
inner annulus and nucleus of IVD
synovial membranes

Question 27

nociceptive impulses travel where and project where?

Answer 27

ascend with myelinated A delta and unmyelinated C fibers and project to dorsal lateral fasciculus

Question 28

fibrillations can not be seen?

Answer 28

by the naked eye

fasciculations can be seen

Question 29

motor cortex neurons controlling CN descend along what tract and synapse where?

Answer 29

corticobulbar tract to brainstem nuclei and synapse on LMN

Question 30

motor cortex neurons not involving CN along which tract?

Answer 30

corticospinal

Question 31

what are the 3 areas of integrity that are assessed for muscle?

Answer 31

volume
tone
strength