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Exercise Biochemistry > Muscle energetics > Flashcards

Muscle energetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of energy for the myosin head?

A

ATP ONLY

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2
Q

What components of the muscle require ATP?

A

Calcium pumps in ER
Myosin
Na/K pump to maintain ion gradients

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3
Q

Can ATP be transferred between cells?

A

No, each cell makes it’s own ATP

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4
Q

What is the [ATP]?

A

5-8µM

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5
Q

How much contraction can the intramuscular ATP store power?

A

2 seconds

8 contractions

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6
Q

Where does PCr provide energy?

A

Vertebrate skeletal muscle

cytoplasm

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7
Q

Is intracellular [ATP] constant?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Where is PCr created?

A

Liver

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9
Q

What is the Lowman reaction?

A

PCr + ADP → Cr + ATP

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10
Q

What enzyme catalyses PCr breakdown?

A

Creatine Kinase

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11
Q

What are the advantages of PCr supply?

A

Immediate
High rate
No osmotic/charge imbalances
No effect of end products

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of PCr supply?

A

28µM concentration can only sustain 10-15 seconds

Rapidly depleted

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13
Q

What substrates does glycolysis consume?

A

Glucose

Glycogen (enters at G6P)

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14
Q

What are the net products of glycolysis?

A

2ATP
2NADH
2H2O

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15
Q

What are the advantages of glycolysis?

A

Faster rate than CHO

Larger yield than PCr

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of glycolysis?

A 
NAD must be recycled
Lower ATP yield than CHO
Takes ~5 seconds to activate
Pyruvate acts as product inhibition
Glycogen stores are depleted
Low release of energy 
Lactate build up affects pH
17
Q

What range of lactate changes can be buffered?

A

20x increase buffered to 1pH unit change

18
Q

How much energy is released from lactate?

A

5%

19
Q

What are the 2 main regulatory points of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

Hexokinase

20
Q

What organelles produce CHO?

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

What are the TCA products?

A

3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 GTP
2 CO2

22
Q

What are the substrates of TCA?

A

Fatty Acids
Pyruvate
Amino acids

23
Q

How much energy does TCA generate?

A

FA: 14ATP
CH: 15ATP

24
Q

How much energy does ETC generate per electron pair?

A

3ATP

25
Q

When is oxygen deficit produced?

A

During the time to set up respiratory and circulatory systems

26
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

27
Q

Why is EPOC required?

A

To replenish ATP, PCr and O2 stores

Metabolise lactate

28
Q

How long does it take to restore ATP and PCr?

A

Exponential rate
30sec: 50%
5-10 minutes all

29
Q

How is lactate metabolised?

A

70-90% oxidised to pyruvate to enter TCA

30
Q

Is lactate involved in glycogenesis?

A

No

31
Q

What level of depletion do liver and muscle glycogen reach?

A

25%

32
Q

How is glycogen restored?

A

From diet

Some transport from liver to muscle (as glucose)

Exercise Biochemistry (4 decks)

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