Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Muscle Disease > Flashcards

Muscle Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How do muscle diseases present

A 
Muscle pain (myalgia)
Muscle weakness/tiredness
Wasting if prolonged
No stiffness
Abnormal blood tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 2 inflammatory myopathies

A

Polymyositis

Dermatomyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which sex is inflammatory myopathy more common in

A

Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What age has the peak incidence of inflammatory myopathy

A

40-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does inflammatory myopathy present histologically

A

Muscle fibre necrosis
Degeneration
Regeneration
Inflammatory cell infiltrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the cutaneous signs of dermatomyositis

A

Gottron’s sign - papules on finger joints
Heliotrope rash - around eye
Shawl sign - rash across the back of shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What organ systems can be involved in inflammatory myopathy

A 
Lungs = ILD and muscle weakness 
Oesophagus = dysphagia Heart = myocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cancers are associated with inflammatory myopathy

A

Ovarian, breast, stomach, lung, bladder and colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What symptoms do people with inflammatory myopathies present with

A 
Tired muscles 
Functional difficulty 
Muscle pain 
Weight loss 
Cough &/or SOB 
Raynaud's
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which drugs might be associated with inflammatory myopathy

A

Steroids

Statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which social factors might be associated with inflammatory myopathy

A

Alcohol

Illicit drug use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What signs of inflammatory myopathy would show up on electromyography

A

Increased fibrillations
Abnormal motor potentials
Complex repetitive discharges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which age group does polymyalgia rheumatica occur in

A

Almost exclusively in the over 50s

Typically present 60-70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of polymyalgia are usually symmetrical - true or false

A

True

Get bilateral shoulder and hip pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which areas are usually affected by polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Pain in shoulder and hip girdle - bilateral

Reduced movement in shoulders neck and hips due to joint issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trauma can trigger fibromyalgia - true or false

A

True

Both emotional or physical

17
Q

Describe the pain in fibromyalgia

A 
Pain occurs in the neck, shoulders, lower back and chest wall 
It's diffuse and chronic 
Varies in intensity 
Worse with exertion, fatigue and stress 
But no weakness or reduced movement
18
Q

List some symptoms of fibromyalgia

A 
Pain - widespread
Fatigue and poor sleep pattern
Pins and needles/tingling 
Headaches 
Depression and anxiety - poor coping
IBS 
Poor concentration and memory 
No weakness or reduced movement
19
Q

List the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia

A

Patient experiences widespread pain and other associated symptoms
Symptoms present at same level for more than 3 months
No condition can otherwise explain it

20
Q

List some treatments for fibromyalgia

A 
Patient education 
Graded exercise programme 
Anti-depressants 
CBT 
Complementary medicine - e.g. acupuncture 
Analgesia 
Gabapentin & pregabalin
21
Q

What is dermatomyositis

A

polymyositis + skin changes

22
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with which other inflammatory disease

A

GCA
Seen in 10% of cases
Must check for symptoms

23
Q

How does polymyalgia rheumatica present

A

Bilateral shoulder and hip pain lasting over 2 weeks
Acute onset but last for over 6 weeks
Early morning stiffness lasting more than 45 mins- gets better as day goes on
Normal muscle strength
Evidence of an acute-phase response (raised ESR/CRP)

24
Q

How do you diagnose polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Inflammatory markers will be raised - ESR/CRP
CK normal - not actually a muscle disease
Dramatic response to steroids is diagnostic

25
Q

How do you treat polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Steroids - start on 15mg prednisolone

Wean down slowly over 18-24 months

26
Q

How do you ask about muscle weakness

A

Are you able to get up from a chair without support or climb stairs-inability to do these indicate proximal muscle weakness
Can also ask them to crouch and get up unaided

Always do thorough systemic enquiry-are muscles of
swallowing or breathing involved? Is there dysphagia,
regurgitation of food/liquids, SOB on exertion etc?

27
Q

Muscles are weakened in polymyalgia rheumatica - true or false

A

False

- muscle power is normal and there is no wasting

28
Q

Which sex is more affected by polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Women - 3x more common

29
Q

List some systemic symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Systemic symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, fatigue

and poor appetite are not uncommon

30
Q

Lung tumours can sometimes cause polymyositis - true or false

A

True

Can get a paraneoplastic polymyositis driven by the tumour

31
Q

A raised CK indicates which type of pathology

A

Muscle pathology
Therefore, you
would expect it to be significantly raised in poly and dermatomyositis

32
Q

How is FBC affected in polymyositis and PMR

A

May see anaemia of chronic disease

33
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a muscle disease - true or false

A

False

PMR is predominantly a joint diseases and muscle fibres are not involved

34
Q

How does statin induced myositis present in blood tests

A

CRP/ESR/PV are usually normal
CK would be mildly raised in statin associated
necrotising myositis

35
Q

PMR with GCA requires a higehr steroid dose than just PMR - true or false

A

True
PMR alone = 15mg
PMR + GCA = 1 mg/kg/day of prednisolone (maximum 80 mg/day)

MSK (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions