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MSK > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

One view on imaging is enough for diagnosis - true or false

A

False
Some fractures may not be visible from certain angles
Need at least 2

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2
Q

How many views do you need in X-rays of the cervical spine

A

3

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3
Q

How many views do you need in X-rays of the scaphoid

A

4

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4
Q

How might a fracture appear on X-ray

A

Lucency crossing bone

Cortical extension - incomplete border

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5
Q

What do fractures involving the joint increase your risk of

A

Malalignment

This goes on to cause faster wear and tear - leads to secondary OA

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6
Q

What causes impacted fractures

A

Axial loading force

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7
Q

What is an avulsion fracture

A

When tendon/ligament is torn off the bone and pulls off a small fragment

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8
Q

List common avulsion fracture mimics

A

sesamoid bones
accessory ossification centres
Old fractures

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9
Q

What is the posterior fat pad sign

A

May appear behind elbow on X-ray

Always abnormal and indicates elbow trauma

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10
Q

Why do children get unique bone injuries

A

Bones are still soft so may bend and bow rather than snapping

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11
Q

What is a buckle fracture

A

Seen in kids

Appears as a bulge in the bone as it is where bone has gone into itself

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12
Q

What is the weakest part of developing bone

A

Growth plate - physis

Prone to injury and growth deformity

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13
Q

What is a Salter-Harris fracture

A

epithesis slips off the metaphysis due to fracture in growth plate

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14
Q

When should you suspect non-accidental injury

A

When injury doesn’t match the story

Leg fractures in babies who can’t walk

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15
Q

Why must you be careful with fractures in bony rings

A

Very unlikely that they will break in just one place so must look for further injury

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16
Q

Give examples of bony rings within the body

A

Spinal canal
Pelvis
Forearm
Lower leg

17
Q

Which foreign bodies will be seen on X-ray

A

Metal

Glass

18
Q

Which foreign bodies cannot be seen on X-ray

A

Plastic

Wood

19
Q

What is a pathological fracture

A

When abnormality seems out of proportion to the mechanism of injury

20
Q

What can cause pathological fractures

A

malignancy, osteoporosis or other metabolic bone diseases

21
Q

What is the risk with supracondylar fractures

A

Damage to the brachial artery and surrounding nerves

22
Q

What is the risk with scaphoid fractures

A

Blood supply can be disrupts making it prone to non-union or AVN

23
Q

What is a Bennett’s fracture

A

Involves articular surface of 1st metacarpal base

Tendons pull on thumb leading to displacement

24
Q

Lower limb fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality - true or false

A

True

25
Q

List common limitations of X-rays

A

Assessment difficult due to overlapping anatomical structures
Some fractures are impossible to view as projections don’t show them up or they are undisplaced
Don’t show soft tissue injury

26
Q

Which imaging techniques would you use to view soft tissue injuries

A

US = superficial

MRI = deep

27
Q

List typical sites of impacted fractures

A

Femoral neck
Tibial plateau
Calcaneus

28
Q

What causes a pelvic ring fracture

A

High energy trauma - RTA or fall from height

Osteoporosis - low energy trauma

29
Q

What are the risks of intracapsular femoral fractures

A

Interferes with blood supply to femoral head

Prone to AVN or non-union

30
Q

What are the 2 types of proximal femoral fractures

A

Intracapsular

Extracapsular

31
Q

How do you treat extracapsular femoral fractures

A

Internal fixation using DHS

32
Q

How do you treat intracapsular femoral fractures

A

Arthroplasty

33
Q

What are the risks of femoral shaft fractures

A

Blood loss

Fat embolus

34
Q

What usually accompanies significant soft tissue injury to the knee

A

An effusion in the suprapatellar space

35
Q

What surrounding structure can be damaged by knee dislocations

A

Ligaments

Blood vessels - popliteal artery

36
Q

What causes tibial plateau fractures

A

Valgus force - e.g. being hit on the outside of the knee

37
Q

Which injury mechanism is most common in ankle injury

A

Inversion

Eversion

38
Q

Ankle fractures usually occur in multiples - true or false

A

True

39
Q

What predisposes you to tendon rupture

A

Diabetes
RA
Steroid use

MSK (21 decks)

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